Chapter 11 - Genetic Manipulation

Question 1

Cuttings

Answer 1

Taking small groups of cells from a plant and growing them under tissue culture to produce a callus ( mass of identical plant cells)

Question 2

Adult cell cloning

Answer 2

Nucleus of an adult cell replaces nucleus of an egg cell.

Question 3

Unfertilised egg cell:

Answer 3

Nucleus is removed and put inside empty egg cell, given electric shock causing it to start dividing to create an embryo.

Question 4

Benefits of adult cell cloning

Answer 4

Save from extinction, genetically engineered to be more useful.

Question 5

Disadvantages of adult cell cloning

Answer 5

Ethics
Limits variation
Concerns about using technique to clone humans

Question 6

Genetic engineering

Answer 6

Gene cut out of chromosome using enzyme and placed in chromosome of other organism.

Question 7

Genetically modified plants

Answer 7

GM crops make their own pesticide and have increased yields.

Question 8

Overall advantages

Answer 8

Produces animals with more useful characteristics
Makes copies of best animals (adult cell cloning)
Curing genetic disorders
GM crops are often resistant to herbicides or insects

Question 9

Overall disadvantages

Answer 9

GM seeds need to be renewed every year as become infertile
Accidentally introducing genes into wild flower populations
Effect of GM crops on human health
Ethical

Question 10

Clones

Answer 10

Individuals genetically identical to their parents.