Chapter 1 - Cells Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Liquid gel where chemical reactions take place e.g cellular respiration. In animal, plant, bacterial and yeast cell
Cell membrane
Controls passage of substances (glucose mineral ions) into cell and (urea hormones) out of the cell. In animal, plant, bacterial and yeast cell. Inner wall.
Mitochondria
Where oxygen is used in cytoplasm and where most energy is released during respiration. In animal and plant cells.
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place. In animal and plant cells.
Cell wall
Made of cellulose, supports cell. In plant, bacterial and yeast cells. Outer wall in diagrams of plant cells.
Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll and are green so they can absorb light energy to make food by photosynthesis. In plant cells only.
Permanent vacuole
A space in the cytoplasm filled with sap and keeps cell rigid to support plant. In plant and yeast cells.
Plasmids
Small circular bits of DNA carrying extra genetic information. In bacterial cells only.
Flagella
A long protein strand used to move around. In bacterial cells only.
Slime capsule
Protect the cell from dangers such as antibiotics. In bacterial cells only.
Fat cells
Have little cytoplasm and lots of fat, few mitochondria as little energy is needed and can expand.
Cone cells
How to segment contains visual pigment the changes chemically in coloured light and middle segment has mitochondria and specialised synapse. Is located in the retina.
Root hair cells
Located close to the xylem tissue, carry water and mineral ions up into the rest of the plant.
Sperm cells
Long tail whip’s side to side to help move quickly towards egg, mitochondria supplies energy for the tail and there is a large nucleus to pass on genetic information.
Nucleus
Controls activities of cell, contains genes on chromosomes that carry instructions for making proteins. In animal and plant cells.
