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Human Physiology > Chapter 10- Sensory physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Sensory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium

A
  • olfactory receptors
  • stem cells
  • supporting cells
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2
Q

The five major categories of taste are salty, ______ umami sweet and ______

A

sour, bitter

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3
Q

What structure senses changes in the speed of an elevator or car?

A
  • utricle

- saccule

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4
Q

Cones are concentrated in the ____ ____ the depressed center of the macula lutea

A

fovea centralis

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5
Q

Which are considered somatesthetic sensors

A
  • thermoreceptor
  • root hair plexus
  • proprioceptor
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6
Q

Normally the lens is clear because of the three dimensional structure of crystallin proteins. when these proteins change shape and aggregate vision becomes cloudy. this is a condition called ____

A

cataracts

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7
Q

The feelings that the room is spinning when it is not is called _____

A

vertigo

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8
Q

An elongated eyeball creates a condition called ___ a shorter than normal eyeball creates a condition called ___

A

myopia;hyperopia

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9
Q

With agin, the lens becomes less flexible. this difficulty in accomication is called

A

presbyopia

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10
Q

The main receptor type that senses the quality of hydrogen ions in body fluids is:

A

chemoreceptor

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11
Q

Changes in rotational speed are sensed by the _____ ______

A

semicircular canals

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12
Q

Which structures are part of the fibrous tunic of the eye?

A

sclera

cornea

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13
Q

swelling and an increase in the growth suppose of blood vessels of the choroid often cause a form of blindness called:

A

macular degeneration

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14
Q

Fibers carrying visual signals exit the eye at the optic nerve. this area, known as the ____ _____ has no photoreceptors, so is also called blind

A

optic disc

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15
Q

Which most accurately describes astigmatism?

A

the curvature of the cornea is uneven

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16
Q

gustation is also known as the sense of ____

A

taste

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17
Q

A genetic defect that prevents the normal function of cones is called____

A

color blindness

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18
Q

Which structure senses changes in the speed of an elevator or car?

A
  • saccule

- utricle

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19
Q

Aqueous humor is drained from the ___ into the scleral venous sinus

A

anterior chamber

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20
Q

The muscle the opens the auditory tube during swallowing is the :

A

tensor tympani

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21
Q

The area of skin that is innervated by a specific sensory receptor is called the ___ ______ of that sensory receptor

A

receptive field

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22
Q

Sensory receptors that sense tissue damage are known as ______ or pain receptors

A

nociceptors

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23
Q

when the flow of aqueous humor is blocked and intraocular pressure increases photoreceptors can be damaged. the condition is termed _____

A

glaucoma

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24
Q

which structures are considered part of the vascular tunic of the eye or the uvea

A
  • ciliary body
  • choroid
  • iris
25
Q

List the structures that light passes through in the eye in order

A 
-cornea
2 anterior chamber
-pupil
-lens
5- vitreous chamber
26
Q

The external auditory meatues is indicated by arrow _____ arrow ____ represents the auditory ossicles

A

B,A

27
Q

Which stimulation would stimulate the utricle and saccule

A

a fall out of a tree

28
Q

Which are characteristics of the optic disc

A
  • this area of the retina lacks photoreceptors

- it is located anterior to the optic nerve

29
Q

list the structures of the eye in order as aqueous humor flows

A
  • ciliary body
  • posterior chamber
  • pupil
  • anterior chamber
  • canal schlemm
30
Q

List the structures in order of action potentials traveling from the eyes to the visual cortex

A
  • optic nerve
  • optic chiasma
  • optic tract
  • lateral geniculate colliculi
  • optic radiation
  • occipital lobe
31
Q

Which receptor type is involved in rapid sensory adaptation

A

phasic

32
Q

Which are characteristics of taste buds?

A
  • they remain bathed in saliva
  • they have microvilli that extend through a proe
  • they consist of many specialized epithelial cells
33
Q

List the pathway of light, in order as it passes through the retina

A
  • ganglion cells
  • amacrine cells
  • bipolar cells
  • horizontal cells
  • photoreceptors
  • auditory cortex
34
Q

over many years unprotected exposure of the eyes to sunlight without wearing good sunglasses can cause _____

A

cataracts

35
Q

The need for reading glasses increases with age due to a condition called

A

prebyopia

36
Q

Which conditions is LASIK used to correct

A
  • myopia
  • hyperopia
  • astigmatism
37
Q

cones are concentrated in the ____ ____ the depressed center of the amcula lutea

A

fovea centralis

38
Q

which two neurotransmitters are released by nociecptors?

A
  • glutamate

- substance P

39
Q

The leading cause of blindness in the U.S is _____ ____

A

masular degeneration

40
Q

Taste receptors are also called

A

gustatory receptors

41
Q

A condition called ____ occurs when different areas of the cornea or lens have a different refraction index than other areas

A

astigmatism

42
Q

which are characteristics of cold receptors?

A
  • they are found in the upper dermis near the epidermis
  • they have free nerve endings
  • they outnumber warm receptors
43
Q

After light passes throug hthe pupil, it enter the

A

lens

44
Q

which factors serve to increase sensory acuity in a particular area of the body

A
  • a large number of sensory receptors serving that area

- small receptive fields of sensroy receptors serving that area

45
Q

which receptor type is involved in rapid sensory adaptation

A

phasic

46
Q

Myopic eyes are corrected with ____ lenses whuile hyperopic eyes are corrected with _____ lenses

A

concave;convex

47
Q

which are final destinations of gustation signals?

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • insula
  • postcentral gyrus
48
Q

nociceptors from internal organs often send signals to the part of the somatosensory cortex that represents a different body part. this is known as ____ pain

A

referred

49
Q

Equilibrium hair cells contain hair like process called ____

A

stereocilia

50
Q

The ability of the eye is alternately focus on near and distant objects occurs because the lens changes shape. this focusing is termed

A

accommodation

51
Q

Acute itch receptros are stimulated by ____ chronic itch receptors usually respond to other chemicals

A

histamine

52
Q

the type of receptor that is stimulated by hot pepper or temp higher than about 43 C is the ___ receptor

A

capsaicin

53
Q

Gustatory signals pass through the ____ before going to the primary gustatory cortex

A

thalamus

54
Q

The photoreceptor most sensitive to light, and therefore are used to see in dim light is the ___. the photoreceptor used for detailed vision is the _____

A

rod, cone

55
Q

The membranous labyrinth is located in a structure of the skull called the ____ labyrinth

A

bony

56
Q

Which taste categories use G-protein coupled receptors

A
  • umani
  • bitter
  • sweet
57
Q

taste cells are refferred to as neuroepithilial cells why

A
  • they depolarize and release neurotransmitters

- they are specialized epithilial cells

58
Q

Which stimuli commonly activates nociceptors

A

-inflammation
-cell destruction
capsaicin

59
Q

Sour taste is created when ____ ions move through channels in the receptors plasma membrane

A

hydrogen

Human Physiology (11 decks)

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