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AP Psychology > Chapter 1 Pt. 1 History and Perspectives > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Pt. 1 History and Perspectives Flashcards

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1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

“father of psychology”; introspection on own minds/feelings/thoughts/experiences

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2
Q

Tichner

A

from Wundt’s introspection theory, Tichner began structuralism: the breaking down of the mind into individual emotions and sensations

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3
Q

Hippocrates

A

four humors developed; each person has a mix of the four humors that determine behavior

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4
Q

William James

A

functionalism: looked at everyday life conciousness, focusing on heredity’s role; influenced by Darwin

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5
Q

Charles Darwin

A

influenced functionalism with theory of natural selection

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6
Q

John Watson

A

started behaviorism: observed behavior and used conditioning to study behavior; “Little Albert” experiment trained a kid to be afraid of a rat; proved learned phobias

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7
Q

Mary Cover Jones

A

first known woman psychologist; took Watson’s conditioning ideas and wanted to see if she could reverse learned phobias; trained “Little Peter” with behavior therapy

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8
Q

John Locke

A

tabula rasa idea that all learning comes from experience or perception

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9
Q

Stanley Hall

A

first president of the American Psych Association

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Freudian psych: the unconscious mind is motivated by sex and aggression; through psychoanalysis, can use childhood, repression, unconscious motivations to help patients

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11
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

…

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

developed the theory operant conditioning in the behavioral perspective

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13
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

pioneer of humanistic perspective with psychotherapy that focuses on self improvement

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14
Q

Dorthea Dix

A

…

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15
Q

Franz Gall

A

…

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16
Q

Dr. Kirkbride

A

…

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17
Q

Sociocultural Perspective Keywords

A

…

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18
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

behavior is based on group expectations and social norms; one’s environment; nurture part of nature vs nurture

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19
Q

Biological Perspective Keywords

A

biochemical; hormones; parts of the brain; nervous system;

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20
Q

Biological Perspective

A

behavior is based on biological events in the body

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21
Q

Behavioral Perspective Keywords

A

triggers; learned behavior; observing others; punishment; reinforcement

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22
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

behavior is based on learning from punishment or reinforcement

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23
Q

Humanist Perspective Keywords

A

free will; hierarchical needs: safety, food, shelter, belonging, love, esteem

24
Q

Humanist Perspective

A

behavior is based on the idea that humans all need certain parts of the hierarchy and to feel like they have fulfilled their destiny

25
Q

Cognitive Perspective Keywords

A

memory, interpretation of a situation

26
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

behavior based on storage and interpretation of information

27
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective Keywords

A

sex and aggression, childhood trauma, repressed memories

28
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

behavior is based on the unconscious mind; therapy focuses on relationships as motivations; Freud: sex and aggression

29
Q

Trait Perspective Keywords

A

genetics, ancestors exhibit same behavior

30
Q

Trait Perspective

A

behavior is based on one’s personality determined by genetics; nature part of nature vs nurture

31
Q

Developmental Perspective Keywords

A

maturity, stage of life

32
Q

Developmental Perspective

A

behavior is based on one’s stage of growth; combines nature and nurture factors

33
Q

Evolutionary Perspective Keywords

A

ensure survival

34
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

behavior is based on human instinct developed by natural selection

35
Q

Experimental Psychologists

A

answer a question

36
Q

Applied Psychologists

A

apply psychological research to patients/teaching/products…

37
Q

Industrial and Organizational Psych

A

management of people based upon psychology

38
Q

Sports Psychology

A

maximize athlete potential using psychology

39
Q

Engineering Psychology

A

design based on user psychology

40
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

diagnosis and treatment of patients

41
Q

Psychiatrist vs Psychologist

A

a psychologist is not medically trained, they have a PhD and have specific training; a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who diagnosis and treats disorders

42
Q

Structuralism

A

using introspection and breaking down parts of the mind and isolating specific emotions, thoughts, and feelings.

43
Q

Functionalism

A

how the mind allows everyday function focusing on genetics

44
Q

Gestalt Psych

A

the original cognitive psychology; focused on sensation and perception before really understanding the brain

45
Q

Introspection

A

technique where patients verbalize internal thoughts and feelings; broken down into individual sensations

46
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

therapy designed around the psychodynamic/unconscious motives perspective

47
Q

Schema

A

a mental framework

Ex. if a child only sees a four legged animal as a dog, it will call a cat a dog

48
Q

objective introspection

A

Wundt had his students analyze and verbalize their own thoughts and mental activities, called objective introspection

49
Q

stream of conciousness

A

the act of thinking about what you were thinking about; train of thought

50
Q

definitions of phobias

A

Freud: symptom or repression; Watson: learned

51
Q

six main perspectives

A

sociocultural; biological; behavioral; humanistic; cognitive; psychodynamic

52
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

brain imaging on physical brain processes

53
Q

operant behavior

A

behavior trained by positive reinforcement

54
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

idea that responsibility falls upon other bystanders and not self

55
Q

Pavlov

A

reflexes occur based on formerly unrelated stimulus; first to use conditioning

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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