Chapter 1 Pt. 1 History and Perspectives Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt
“father of psychology”; introspection on own minds/feelings/thoughts/experiences
Tichner
from Wundt’s introspection theory, Tichner began structuralism: the breaking down of the mind into individual emotions and sensations
Hippocrates
four humors developed; each person has a mix of the four humors that determine behavior
William James
functionalism: looked at everyday life conciousness, focusing on heredity’s role; influenced by Darwin
Charles Darwin
influenced functionalism with theory of natural selection
John Watson
started behaviorism: observed behavior and used conditioning to study behavior; “Little Albert” experiment trained a kid to be afraid of a rat; proved learned phobias
Mary Cover Jones
first known woman psychologist; took Watson’s conditioning ideas and wanted to see if she could reverse learned phobias; trained “Little Peter” with behavior therapy
John Locke
tabula rasa idea that all learning comes from experience or perception
Stanley Hall
first president of the American Psych Association
Sigmund Freud
Freudian psych: the unconscious mind is motivated by sex and aggression; through psychoanalysis, can use childhood, repression, unconscious motivations to help patients
Benjamin Rush
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B.F. Skinner
developed the theory operant conditioning in the behavioral perspective
Abraham Maslow
pioneer of humanistic perspective with psychotherapy that focuses on self improvement
Dorthea Dix
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Franz Gall
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Dr. Kirkbride
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Sociocultural Perspective Keywords
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Sociocultural Perspective
behavior is based on group expectations and social norms; one’s environment; nurture part of nature vs nurture
Biological Perspective Keywords
biochemical; hormones; parts of the brain; nervous system;
Biological Perspective
behavior is based on biological events in the body
Behavioral Perspective Keywords
triggers; learned behavior; observing others; punishment; reinforcement
Behavioral Perspective
behavior is based on learning from punishment or reinforcement
Humanist Perspective Keywords
free will; hierarchical needs: safety, food, shelter, belonging, love, esteem
Humanist Perspective
behavior is based on the idea that humans all need certain parts of the hierarchy and to feel like they have fulfilled their destiny
Cognitive Perspective Keywords
memory, interpretation of a situation
Cognitive Perspective
behavior based on storage and interpretation of information
Psychodynamic Perspective Keywords
sex and aggression, childhood trauma, repressed memories
Psychodynamic Perspective
behavior is based on the unconscious mind; therapy focuses on relationships as motivations; Freud: sex and aggression
Trait Perspective Keywords
genetics, ancestors exhibit same behavior
Trait Perspective
behavior is based on one’s personality determined by genetics; nature part of nature vs nurture
Developmental Perspective Keywords
maturity, stage of life
Developmental Perspective
behavior is based on one’s stage of growth; combines nature and nurture factors
Evolutionary Perspective Keywords
ensure survival
Evolutionary Perspective
behavior is based on human instinct developed by natural selection
Experimental Psychologists
answer a question
Applied Psychologists
apply psychological research to patients/teaching/products…
Industrial and Organizational Psych
management of people based upon psychology
Sports Psychology
maximize athlete potential using psychology
Engineering Psychology
design based on user psychology
Clinical Psychology
diagnosis and treatment of patients
Psychiatrist vs Psychologist
a psychologist is not medically trained, they have a PhD and have specific training; a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who diagnosis and treats disorders
Structuralism
using introspection and breaking down parts of the mind and isolating specific emotions, thoughts, and feelings.
Functionalism
how the mind allows everyday function focusing on genetics
Gestalt Psych
the original cognitive psychology; focused on sensation and perception before really understanding the brain
Introspection
technique where patients verbalize internal thoughts and feelings; broken down into individual sensations
Psychoanalysis
therapy designed around the psychodynamic/unconscious motives perspective
Schema
a mental framework
Ex. if a child only sees a four legged animal as a dog, it will call a cat a dog
objective introspection
Wundt had his students analyze and verbalize their own thoughts and mental activities, called objective introspection
stream of conciousness
the act of thinking about what you were thinking about; train of thought
definitions of phobias
Freud: symptom or repression; Watson: learned
six main perspectives
sociocultural; biological; behavioral; humanistic; cognitive; psychodynamic
cognitive neuroscience
brain imaging on physical brain processes
operant behavior
behavior trained by positive reinforcement
diffusion of responsibility
idea that responsibility falls upon other bystanders and not self
Pavlov
reflexes occur based on formerly unrelated stimulus; first to use conditioning
