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AP Psychology > Ch 9 Motivation, Hunger, Emotion > Flashcards

Ch 9 Motivation, Hunger, Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Instinct Theory

A

all motivation is by instinct created by biological patterns

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2
Q

Maslow

A

humanistic psychologist that proposed a hierarchy of needs and drives that motivate our behavior; self-actualization

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3
Q

McClelland

A

identified a need for power, affiliation, or achievement as biggest motivators

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4
Q

Dweck

A

locus of control theory as motivation; what we think about ourselves determines our motivation (self-theory)

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5
Q

Rotter

A

law of effect, motivated to seek positive stimulation and avoid negative stimulation

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6
Q

Lewin

A

human motivation and behavior according to context of environment and social factors

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7
Q

Lorenz

A

witnessed imprinting of geese

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8
Q

Selye

A

general adaptation theory

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9
Q

Eckman

A

facial expressions and emotions

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10
Q

Imprinting

A

animal forms concept of own identity from forming attachments

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11
Q

Incentive Theory

A

motivated by the external incentive’s rewarding properties (the drive is a push, the rewarding properties is a pull)

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12
Q

Drive-reduction Theory

A

we are motivated by reducing the drives created by the lack of a need

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13
Q

Arousal Theory

A

people have an optimal level of tension created by lack of a need; everyone has a specific level of arousal that

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14
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

do a hard task better with lower arousal, do an easy task better with higher arousal

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15
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

motivated by reaching self-actualization by achieving each stage on the hierarchy of needs

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16
Q

Peak experiences

A

when self-actualization is achieved (usually temporary) and we are motivated by having peak experiences more often

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17
Q

Evolutionary Theory

A

instinctual motivation

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18
Q

Theory X

A

assumes that employees hate work and must be authoritatively managed

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19
Q

Theory Y

A

assumes that employees like work and a de-centralized management styles is necessary

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20
Q

Overjustification

A

when extrinsic motivators decrease the motivation of an activity that used to be only intrinsically motivated

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21
Q

Self-efficacy

A

the more self-efficacy, the higher the belief that we have the ability to do something

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22
Q

Set point (hunger)

A

hypothalamus sets the ideal weight that the body tries to maintain

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23
Q

Lesions to ventromedial hypothalamus

A

responsible for stopping the eating response when glucose levels go up

24
Q

Lesions to lateral hypthalamus

A

responsible for stating eating when insulin levels go up

25
Q

Motives in conflict

A

approach vs avoidance theories

26
Q

Cross-cultural perspective on motivaton

A

individualism vs collectivisme

27
Q

individualism

A

motivated for the good of their own person

28
Q

collectivism

A

motivated for the good of their community

29
Q

7 universal emotions

A

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise

30
Q

display rules

A

varying culturally accepted ways to display emotion in social settings

31
Q

microexpressions

A

small expressions in the face that last a fraction of time and indicate an emotion

32
Q

Lateralization of emotion

A

positive emotions are controlled by the left hemisphere, negative by the right

33
Q

Schachter-Singer Two-factor theory

A

stimulus–> simultaneous physiological response and cognitive appraisal –> emotion

34
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

non-cognitive creation of emotion;

stimulus –> physiological response –> emotion

35
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

non-cognitive creation of emotion from physiological response; when you smile you feel happier

36
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

non-cognitive creation of emotion;

stimulus–> simultaneous physiological and emotional response

37
Q

Opponent-Process Theory (emotion)

A

non-cognitive creation of emotion; the experience of one emotion is just the absence of all the others; after feeling of emotion, feel the opposite emotion intensely later

38
Q

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

A

stimulus –> cognitive thinking about the consequences of the stimulus –> simultaneous physiological and emotional response

39
Q

Type A personality

A

aggressive, efficient, goal-oriented; stress has high impact

40
Q

Type B personality

A

non-confrontational, easy-going, non-competitive; stress has very little impact

41
Q

Type C personality

A

not assertive, suppress own desires; stress has high impact because they internalize things

42
Q

Hardy personality

A

thrive on stress, see things as a personal commitment, everything is a challenge to overcome

43
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

(stages of stress experience) alarm, resistance, exhaustion; sympathetic nervous system activated in order to return to homeostasis or until resources run out

44
Q

Avoidance-avoidance

A

choosing between two negative choices

45
Q

Approach-approach

A

choosing between two positive choices

46
Q

Approach-avoidance

A

choosing between two choices that have both positive and negative effects

47
Q

sexual response cycle

A

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

48
Q

Type D personality

A

social inhibition and pessimism; stress impacts more

49
Q

external locus of control

A

have no control over their destiny

50
Q

internal locus of control

A

have power over everything

51
Q

need

A

requirement essential to survival

52
Q

drive

A

tension created by the lack of a need

53
Q

primary drive

A

survival needs of the body

54
Q

secondary drive

A

needs learned through experience or conditioning

55
Q

Self-Determination Theory

A

needs of autonomy, competence, affiliation

56
Q

emotion low road

A

quick emotional response to stimulus by a faster path to the amygdala

57
Q

emotion high road

A

slower, more cognitive emotional response to stimulus by a longer, slower path to the amygdala

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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