Ch 4 States of Conciousness Flashcards
REM Sleep
rapid eye movement, deep sleep, dreams, sleep paralysis, starts at ten minutes and gets longer as cycle goes on
factors affecting REM sleep amounts
get less REM if high physical exhertion, but get more REM (REM recovery) the next day
N1
theta waves, light sleep, ten minutes long, light sleep
N2
theta waves with occasional sleep spindles, twenty minutes long, slightly deeper sleep
N3
delta waves, deeper sleep, up to forty minutes, some dreaming, sleep walking (somnambulism), night terrors
Sleep paralysis
during REM, all muscles are paralyzed so that we don’t act out our dreams; some sleep disorders allow people to act them out
Hypnogogic hallucinations
hallucinations when you start to fall asleep
Circadian rhythm
the sleep-wake cycle, controlled by hypothalamus and glandular system that releases melatonin
Theories of Dreaming: Freud
to fulfill wishes related to sex and aggression
Theories of Dreaming: Memory Consolidation
dreams are when memories are consolidated, and when STM is gotten rid of
Theories of Dreaming: Cognitive
creative thinking, and info processing/problem solving
Theories of Dreaming: Activation Synthesis
dreams are entirely derived from pons firing off random electrical pulses that the brain tries to make sense of
Narcolepsy
randomly go straight to REM sleep, especially when emotionally excited
Sleep apnea
airway blocked during the night, can’t breathe while sleeping
Somnambulism
sleep walking during N3 usually and hard to wake up
Night terrors
extreme feelings of panic during sleep, N3 usually, and hard to wake up
Conscious State
higher-level consciousness is controlled processing (writing an essay),
Preconscious state
lower-level consciousness is automatic processing (alphabet song, daydreaming)
Altered state of consciousness
can be produced by hypnosis, drugs, fatigue, intoxication, meditation, sleeping, dreaming
William James
stream of consciousness: mind is a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings
Hypnosis
must be willing to be hypnotized, the person really hypnotizes themselves and someone else guides them to an altered state of consciousness
Stimulant Drugs
stimulate the nervous system
Depressant Drugs
depress the nervous system
Hallucinogenic Drugs
alter perceptions and may cause hallucinations
Barbiturates
major tranquilizers, depressants, sleep-inducing
Benzodiazepines
minor tranquilizers, depressants, lower anxiety
opiates
stimulants, pain relieving
cocaine
natural stimulant
marijuana
natural mild hallucinogen
alcohol
depressant
nicotine
mild stimulant
amphetamines
synthetic stimulant
physical addiction vs psychological addiction
physical: body can’t function without the drug, psychological: drug is needed to be emotionally “okay”
Sigmund Freud
latent and manifest content, introduced idea of subconsciousness
Ernest Hilgard
hypnosis theory of disassociation
NREM vs REM purpose
NREM is meant to restore from physical exhertion, REM is meant to restore from emotional exhertion
microsleeps
what the brain relies on when sleep deprived, sleep lasting seconds
adaptive theory of sleep
sleep at night to avoid being present during predator’s hunting times, conserve energy to hunt during the day
restorative theory of sleep
sleep is necessary to repair cells, release growth hormones
NREM vs REM characteristics
no paralysis during NREM, blood pressure and heart rate increases REM while stable in NREM, eye movement
wakefulness brain function
beta waves during alert times, alpha waves during drowsy times
Freud’s latent content
meaning of the dream
Freud’s manifest content
plot of the dream
subconscious awareness
not in current awareness (dreaming), Freud theory
hypnosis as disassociation
hypnosis worked on conscious mind and another part of the mind is fully aware
hypnosis as social role-playing
people are fully conscious but do whatever is expected of themselves
