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PBSI 107 > Chapter 1 - Introduction to Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psych

A

Soul/Mind/Spirit

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2
Q

Ology

A

Study of

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3
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

A systematic approach used to acquire knowledge

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5
Q

Order of Psychological Perspectives

A
  1. Structuralism
  2. Functionalism
  3. Psychoanalytic Theory
  4. Gestalt Psychology
  5. Behaviorism
  6. Humanism
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6
Q

Scientific method steps

A

Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Analysis
Conclusion

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7
Q

Psychology originated in what?

A

philosophy

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8
Q

Founders of psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt & William James

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

Breaks down mental processes into their most basic components

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10
Q

Structuralism Founder

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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11
Q

Introspection

A

The process by which someone examines their conscious
experience as objectively as possible (Part of structuralism)

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12
Q

Reaction time

A

Measuring the time it took individuals to respond to a specific stimuli (part of structuralism)

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13
Q

Functionalism

A

Focuses on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment and meet their needs

Focused on the mind as a whole

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14
Q

Founder of Functionalism?

A

William James

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15
Q

What inspired Functionalism?

A

Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

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16
Q

Natural Selection

A

Organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to
survive/reproduce

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17
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Mental life occurs outside of conscious awareness

Unconscious thoughts, feelings, and early childhood experiences influence behavior and
mental processes.

Inspired by his patients that had ‘hysteria’

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18
Q

Founder of Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Therapeutic approach to explore the unconscious

  • Childhood experiences
  • Dream analysis
  • Free association
  • Transference
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20
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

How we perceive and organize visual and sensory
information as whole patterns rather than just separate components.

The whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts.

Opposite of structuralism

21
Q

Founders of Gestalt Psychology

A
  • Max Wertheimer
  • Kurt Koffka
  • Wolfgang Köler
22
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are
paired

23
Q

Founder of Behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

23
Q

Founder of Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

23
Q

Self-actualization

A

Fulfilling one’s potential

24
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of observable behaviors and how they’re shaped by their
environment

24
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

How behaviors are influenced by their consequence. reinforcement and punishment as major factors in driving behavior.

24
Q

Founder of Operant Conditioning

A

B. F. Skinner

24
Q

Humanism

A

Emphasizes the potential for
good that is innate in all humans

24
Q

Founders of Humanism

A

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers

25
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Idea that motivation is arranged in a hierarchy

Basic needs need to be addressed FIRST
THEN, we can focus on higher needs

26
Q

Three parts of Client-centered therapy

A

Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Congruence/Genuineness

26
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

creating a supportive and nonjudgmental
environment where clients can explore and understand their own feelings and
experiences

27
Q

The Cognitive Revolution

A

a shift in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s that emphasized the study of mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving

28
Q

Biopsychology

A

Explores how our biology influences our behavior;
interdisciplinary

29
Q

Sensation & Perception

A

Focuses on both physiological aspects of sensory
systems and the psychological experience of sensory information

30
Q

Sensation

A

Sensory information (sight, sounds, touch, smell)

31
Q

Perception

A

Process by which our brain organizes and processes sensory
information to create a meaningful representation of it.

32
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The scientific study of development across a
lifespan

33
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Studied the cognitive development of youth. (developmental psychology)

34
Q

Social Psychology

A

How individuals interact and relate with others and
how such interactions can affect behavior.

34
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Focuses on behaviors and thought patterns that are
unique to each individual.

34
Q

Sport Psychology

A

Study the psychological aspects of sport performance
including motivation and performance anxiety, and the effects of sport on
mental and emotional wellbeing.

Mental health under demanding conditions:
* Fire fighting
* Military Operations
* Artistic Performance
* Surgery

35
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Most famous study of obedience

36
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders and problematic patterns of behavior.

37
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

focuses on how individual health is directly related or
affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences

  • Genes
  • Pattern of behavior
  • Relationships
  • Psychological Stress
  • Health
38
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and health- related outcomes in individuals who are considered psychologically healthy.

39
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

Branch of psychology dealing with justice system

  • Assess competency to stand trial
  • Asses state of mind of defendant
  • Act as consultants on child custody cases
  • Consult on sentencing and treatment recommendations
  • Advise on issues such as eyewitness & children testimony
40
Q

I-O Psychology

A

Branch that applies psychological theories, principles and research to industrial and organizational settings

  • Personnel management
  • Organizational Structure
  • Workplace Environment

PBSI 107 (10 decks)

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