Chapter 08 [Qs] Flashcards
The question of motivation is a question of
a. When
b. Where
c. Why
d. Who
c. Why
Skinner’s concept of reinforcement is closest to which description of what motivates us?
a. Instinct
b. Incentive
c. Drives
d. Choices
b. Incentive
Motivation theories explain ___________ while Behaviorist theory explains ______________.
a. Internal forces / External behavior.
b. Unconscious desires / Conscious thinking
c. Rational behavior/ Irrational behavior
d. Learned response/ Instinctual response
a. Internal forces / External behavior.
The Evolutionary perspective on motivation studies whether humans
a. are motivated to maintain biological balance.
b. have a need for personal growth.
c. have instinctual behavior patterns.
d. need to seek sensory stimulation.
c. have instinctual behavior patterns.
The motivation to maintain a steady state, not too much, not too little represents ________ theory
a. Stimulus motivation
b. Homeostasis
c. Evolutionary
d. Self-actualization
b. Homeostasis
Which of the following does Maslow place as the highest need state that motivates our behavior?
a. self-actualization
b. love and belonging
c. self-esteem
d. security and safety
a. self-actualization
Maslow is a humanist therefore we know that he believes motivation
a. depends on history of rewards and punishments.
b. is biological, based in our hormones and brain.
c. reflects unconscious urges that need to be gratified.
d. comes from a conscious desire for personal growth
d. comes from a conscious desire for personal growth
__________________ experiments suggested that humans are motivated by a need to explore.
a. Sensory deprivation
b. Hypnosis
c. Classical conditioning
d. Self-Actualization
a. Sensory deprivation
According to ______________ theory, our gender motives reflect trying to create mental consistency by eliminating discrepancies in our thinking.
a. Behavioral
b. Biological
c. Evolutionary
d. Cognitive
d. Cognitive
Which of the following factors are related to obesity in childhood?
a. Genetics and metabolism
b. Skipping meals on a diet
c. Conditioned habits and lifestyle
d. Time taken to chew one’s food.
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Sarah lost 22% of her body weight during this past year. Her BMI is below normal and her friends tell her she is too skinny but she insists that she “looks fat” and could still “lose a few pounds”. Sarah likely has
a. Bulimia nervosa
b. Anorexia nervosa
c. Depression
d. Anxiety
b. Anorexia nervosa
According to the textbook, the hormone __________________ is strongly connected with the sex drive in women.
a. Oxytocin
b. Testosterone
c. Estrogen
d. Prolactin
a. Oxytocin
The famous Kinsey reports on sexual behavior in America caused a stir back in the 1950’s but
a. Did not have a large enough sample to generalize results.
b. Did not have a random sample so generalization is limited.
c. Used biased questions leading to false correlations.
d. All of the above.
b. Did not have a random sample so generalization is limited.
Surveys of sexual orientation demonstrate the unreliability of self-reports in that _____ identify as heterosexual but ________ report having sexual relations with at least one person of the same gender.
a. 50% / 75%
b. 93%/ 14%
c. 25%/ 75%
d. 89%/ 67%
b. 93%/ 14%
Psychologist David McClelland pioneered the use of the TAT test to measure
a. Sexual motivation
b. Achievement motivation
c. Conflict motives
d. Evolutionary instincts
b. Achievement motivation
Students with ____________ motives act based on external factors such as desire for high grades or money or awards.
a. Extrinsic
b. Intrinsic
c. Unconscious
d. Self-Actualization
a. Extrinsic
Motivated to gain praise and recognition from other people but also to avoid things that may be embarrassing and result in criticism describes a ________________ goal.
a. Learning
b. Performance
c. Actualization
d. Homeostatic
b. Performance
Children with learning goals tend to
a. Follow the leader, they do not think or act independently.
b. Fear criticism and try only those things that will earn them praise.
c. Strong achievement motivation and independent thinking.
d. Achievement motivation if there is an extrinsic reward attached to it.
Answer B and D represent ____________ goals.
c. Strong achievement motivation and independent thinking.
Answer B and D represent [Performance] goals.
Emotions of fear are tied to the _________________ nervous system and behavioral tendencies such as avoidance or escape which relate to signals from the __________________ in the brain.
a. Parasympathetic/ Hippocampus
b. Sympathetic/ Amygdala
c. Sympathetic / Pons
d. Parasympathetic/ Hypothalamus
b. Sympathetic/ Amygdala
__________________ psychology is the field that focuses on personal well-being, how people achieve satisfaction with the present and optimism for the future.
a. Cognitive
b. Developmental
c. Personality
d. Positive
d. Positive
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis would suggest that if you are experiencing sadness, you should
a. Find the source of the problem
b. Take a medication to increase serotonin.
c. Deliberately smile to increase positive feelings.
d. Maintain a neutral expression and meditate.
c. Deliberately smile to increase positive feelings.
The key feature of the Cognitive Appraisal theory of emotions is that
a. Thinking, interpretation comes before emotion experience.
b. Physiological change causes emotions directly without thinking.
c. Arousal and action in response to external stimuli causes emotion experience.
d. External stimuli trigger neural processing by the brain causing emotion and arousal at same time.
a. Thinking, interpretation comes before emotion experience.
