Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 103 prof. Vasek > Chapter 02 > Flashcards

Chapter 02 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

The cell that receives and transmits signals throughout the body, especially in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glial Cell

A
  • A care-taker cell that brings nutrients
  • Removes dead cells
  • Forms the Myelin (fatty tissue around the axon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives a chemical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axon

A

Carries the signal (electrochemical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty tissue that insulates the signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Action Potential

A

The exchange of sodium (+Na) & potassium (-K) across the membrane creates electrical signal down axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

Brings sensory signals and signals from internal organs in to the brain

• Organ -> brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

Carries signals from the brain out to the muscles

• Brain -> organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spinal Reflex

A

A sudden reaction to pain without the need for neuron signals to go back and forth from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Terminal

A

Bulbs at the end of an axon that contain pockets of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Synapse

A

Fluid space between neurons; chemicals float next to a neuron

• Point of contact = receptor site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Receptor Site

A

Where neurotransmitters can bond to a dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dopamine

A

Muscle inhibitor that provides a [slow down / stop] signal used in controlling movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endorphins

A

Inhibitory signal fits same receptors as pain signal and blocks pain signal from getting into the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects emotional arousal and sleep

  • Good levels ( + ): improve thinking and perception of the world
  • Low levels ( - ): linked to insomnia and depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Norepinephrin

A

Excitatory signal which creates general arousal of central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

GABA is an inhibitory signal that slows neural system, more relaxed, and less anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

Ach excitatory for some muscle groups and inhibitory for others

  • Necessary for memory
  • People with Alzheimer’s have less Ach and forget easily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nerve

A

When axons of many neurons run alongside each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Consists of the nerves of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves running up to and out from the spinal cord

22
Q

[PNS] Somatic System

A

Carries sensory signals in and muscle signals out

23
Q

[PNS] Autonomic System

A

Carries signals to and from organs that maintain functions (like signals from heart to lungs)

24
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Scan records on paper of the electrical activity of active neurons

25
Q

Positronic Emissions Tomography (PET)

A

Scan for uptake of glucose containing a mild radioactive element the glucose that is picked up on the scan indicates an active neuron

26
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Uses a magnetic field, exposes the brain to radio waves and records blood flow

27
Q

Computer Axial Tomography (CAT)

A

This uses multiple x-rays of the brain and computer combines the layers to generate a 3D images

28
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Upper brain lobes

29
Q

Middle Brain

A

Internal structures (thalamus and limbic system)

30
Q

Brainstem

A

Hindbrain, lower level structures

31
Q

Pons

A

Involved in sleeping, waking, and attentiveness

32
Q

Medulla

A

Involved in the signals for heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing — vitals

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls learned coordination movement (like walking)

34
Q

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A

Important in sleep, arousal, and attention

  • Learns to respond to alert the mid-brain to the incoming signal
  • Thalamus in the mid-brain structure receiving the alert and relaying to appropriate areas of cortex
35
Q

Limbic System (LS)

A

Set of structures just under the cerebral cortex

36
Q

[LS] Hypothalamus

A

Regulates emotion and motivation (e.g. hunger)

37
Q

[LS] Amygdala

A

Evaluates signals for basic danger and activities “fight or flee”

38
Q

[LS] Hippocampus

A

Necessary to form new memories

39
Q

Cerebrum

A

The wrinkled, upper brain, with four lobes

  • Frontal lobe: contains motor cortex which signals for voluntary movement
  • Prefrontal lobe: for conscious thought, contains association for thinking, memory, and language
  • Parietal lobe:upper back of the cerebrum, processes body sensations (tells you where it is)
40
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processes visuals; must function in order to see

41
Q

Temporal Lobe (Tempo Lobe)

A

Processes sounds; must function to hear

42
Q

Broca’s Area

A

For speech production

43
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

For language comprehension

44
Q

Aphasia

A

Condition of having difficulty of producing and/or comprehending language

45
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Bundle of nerve fibers exchanging signals left to right, and vice versa in the brain

46
Q

Cross-over

A

Left brain connects and controls right body, right brain connects and controls left body

  • Left: logic
  • Right: visual-spatial
47
Q

Epilepsy

A

Uncontrolled electrical activity (spasms)

48
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Secretes GH (human growth hormone)

49
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

Secretes cortical steroids

50
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Study of how adaptation and natural selection play into human behavior

PSY 103 prof. Vasek (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions