Chapter 07 [Qs]

Question 1

Daydreaming is not the same as thinking because daydreaming is not

a. a mental process.
b. imaginative processing
c. spontaneous processing
d. directed, planned processing.

Answer 1

d. directed, planned processing.

Question 2

Which is the first step in thinking?

a. Making judgments
b. Mental representations
c. Reasoning processes
d. Paying attention.

Answer 2

d. Paying attention.

Question 3

Which of the following describes the mental structure of concepts?

a. A good example that highlights significant features of a category.
b. A mental category used to organize objects with common properties.
c. A mental representation that simplifies real life.
d. Random specific examples stored together in memory.

Answer 3

b. A mental category used to organize objects with common properties.

Question 4

The main point of applying an Algorithm is?

a. Simplification, making the problem easier to solve therefore faster to solve
b. Creativity, it’s a way of finding many different solutions to a problem.
c. Specific and systematic process, use it correctly and get the correct answer
d. Time away from the problem to relax and let your brain work it over

Answer 4

c. Specific and systematic process, use it correctly and get the correct answer.

Question 5

The __________________ is a more general algorithm described as testing each possible solution against a particular set of rules.

a. Means-end analysis
b. Systematic random search
c. Anchoring and adjustment
d. Framing effect

Answer 5

b. Systematic random search

Question 6

____________ in problem solving are used to simplify problems, making them easier and faster to solve but the answers you arrive at are less accurate.

a. Algorithm
b. Concept
c. Prototype
d. Heuristics

Answer 6

d. Heuristics

Question 7

Comparing your current problem to a past situation and using that similarity to explain your current dilemma represents reasoning by using the

a. Confirmation bias
b. Algorithm approach
c. Analogy heuristic
d. Hindsight bias

Answer 7

c. Analogy heuristic

Question 8

_______________ is defined as responding to a new problem with an approach that was successfully used with similar problems.

a. Means-end
b. Mental set
c. Analogy
d. Insight

The in class “connect the dots” problem shows mental sets can make thinking more __________ if you misjudge the similarities with past problems.

Answer 8

b. Mental set

The in class “connect the dots” problem shows mental sets can make thinking more [difficult] if you misjudge the similarities with past problems.

Question 9

If the problem requires creative thinking you may be hindered by _______________ which is the tendency to view the object in terms of its name or familiar usage.

a. Language Acquisition device
b. Serial Position effect
c. Linguistic Relativity hypothesis
d. Functional Fixedness.

Answer 9

d. Functional Fixedness.

Question 10

People tend to make probability estimates based on familiarity with the event, how easy it is for them to “find’ relevant examples in their own experience. Psychologists call this the _________ heuristic to describe the process of accessing information.

a. Anchoring
b. Availability
c. Analogy
d. Apparent

Answer 10

b. Availability

Question 11

Applying the ________________ advertisers use specific words and context to bias your judgment.

a. Repression effect
b. Framing effect
c. Serial Position effect
d. Interference effect

Answer 11

b. Framing effect

Question 12

The defining feature of human language is?

a. A way of conveying meaning.
b. It allows for infinite creativity.
c. Communication across generations.
d. All of the above.

Answer 12

d. All of the above.

Question 13

In 1956 Benjamin Whorf proposed the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis, he believed

a. Language affects how we are able to conceptualize the world
b. Intelligence is directly proportional to level of linguistic ability.
c. People with larger vocabularies have less imagination.
d. Creativity is inversely related to linguistic ability.

Psychologists today generally reject Whorf’s hypothesis because adults can think using __________ and can engage in __________ propositional thought.

Answer 13

a. Language affects how we are able to conceptualize the world

Psychologists today generally reject Whorf’s hypothesis because adults can think using [imagery] and can engage in [abstract] propositional thought.

Question 14

The average child by age 6 should have a _______________ word vocabulary.

a. 500
b. 1000
c. 5,000
d. 10,000

Answer 14

d. 10,000

Question 15

When a child uses Telegraphic speech this indicates they

a. Are misapplying grammatical rules that they have discovered.
b. Using single words to express complex meanings.
c. Are learning the language by copying an adult role model.
d. Using correct grammar but leaving out unnecessary words.

Answer 15

d. Using correct grammar but leaving out unnecessary words.

Question 16

The significance of Chomsky’s nativist approach is the suggestion that language learning?

a. Is taught through positive reinforcement.
b. Determines how we can think about the world.
c. Reflects inherited, inborn biological mechanisms.
d. Determines level of intelligence.

Answer 16

c. Reflects inherited, inborn biological mechanisms.

Question 17

If a person has broad reasoning and problem solving abilities and can give an intelligent solution to any sort of problem, then Dr. Spearman would say this person has high __________.

a. g-factor intelligence
b. multiple intelligences
c. triarchic intelligence
d. emotional intelligence

Answer 17

a. g-factor intelligence

Question 18

Which of the following best represents Gardner’s domain theory of intelligence?

a. Intelligence is a combination of knowledge, strategies, practice and speed.
b. Intelligence is a combination of specific individual types of mental abilities.
c. Intelligence is different in kind, like interpersonal, naturalist, and kinesthetic.
d. Intelligence has three processing aspects: creative, practical and analytical.

Answer 18

c. Intelligence is different in kind, like interpersonal, naturalist, and kinesthetic.

Question 19

Intelligence tests do not serve as a measure of creativity because to solve a problem creatively we need a test of _______________ flexible thinking.

a. Analytical
b. Convergent
c. Divergent
d. Irrational

Answer 19

c. Divergent

Question 20

Which of the following was Wechsler’s contribution to the way we test for intelligence?

a. Testing for different kinds of intelligence like interpersonal, musical and kinesthetic
b. Testing accumulated knowledge of different subjects such as vocabulary and math.
c. Testing your analytical ability at school and practical thinking ability at home.
d. Testing that has both a verbal question section as well performance questions.

Answer 20

d. Testing that has both a verbal question section as well performance questions.