Chapter 05 [Qs] Flashcards
A behaviorist believes learning has occurred if we see change in __________________ while a cognitive theorist emphasizes learning has not occurred until there is a change in ____________.
a. Behavior / Neural cells
b. Environment/ Expectations
c. Expectations / Behavior
d. Behavior / Mental representation
d. Behavior / Mental representation
In __________________ learning occurs through simple associative mechanisms, one stimulus occurs at the same time as another and the new stimulus comes to elicit the old response.
a. Operant Conditioning theory
b. Social Learning theory
c. Classical Conditioning theory
d. Contingency theory
c. Classical Conditioning theory
You are startled awake by thunder and at the time your room is very dark. After this event you experience fear whenever you are in a dark room.
Fill ins: Conditioned; Unconditioned (use each more than once)
The noise of the thunder is the __________ stimulus causing a reflex. You jump (a startle reflex) which is the __________ response. After association, the dark has become the __________ stimulus and the fear is a __________ response.
The noise of the thunder is the [Unconditioned] stimulus causing a reflex. You jump (a startle reflex) which is the [Unconditioned] response. After association, the dark has become the [Conditioned] stimulus and the fear is a [Conditioned] response.
_____________ are the tendency to associate illness with food even if the food did not cause the illness.
a. Primary reinforcement
b. Contingency theory
c. Discriminative conditioning
d. Taste aversions
d. Taste aversions
In classical conditioning, if a conditioned stimulus is presented alone and is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus, then ______________ occurs and response frequency decreases.
a. habituation
b. extinction
c. imitation
d. displacement
b. extinction
After conditioning Little Albert automatically showed fear of other animals and even furry things like a coat. This demonstrates the behavioral principle of
a. Memory
b. Extinction
c. Generalization
d. Continuity
c. Generalization
The book discusses Peter who is afraid of rabbits and the treatment of counter-conditioning. In this approach the therapist would
a. Try to change the child’s way of thinking by explaining that the rabbit is not dangerous.
b. Reward behaviors that approach the rabbit and punish fear behaviors such as crying.
c. Bring in the rabbit and associate it with new pleasant experience like a cookie.
d. Show the child a role model happily playing with a rabbit then bring in the rabbit.
c. Bring in the rabbit and associate it with new pleasant experience like a cookie.
Several stimuli can condition to each other, a teacher becomes associated with candy and well liked, then the school becomes associated with the well liked teacher. This is called
a. Primary conditioning
b. Higher order conditioning
c. Reverse conditioning
d. Counter conditioning
b. Higher order conditioning
To explain how we learn, Operant Conditioning theory emphasizes which of the following?
a. Experiencing positive stimuli presented after the behavior.
b. Observing how other people obtain positive stimuli.
c. If the stimuli provide information about a future event.
d. Associating reflex responses with environmental stimuli.
a. Experiencing positive stimuli presented after the behavior.
The chief difference between classical conditioning theory and operant conditioning theory is that classical conditioning best explains ________________ behavior while operant conditioning can explain more _________________ behavior.
a. Positive/ negative
b. Secondary / Primary
c. Predictable / Unpredictable
d. Simple / Complex
d. Simple / Complex
If negative reinforcement is used to elicit a behavior then
a. the consequence suppresses our response.
b. we repeat a response to obtain the consequence.
c. we behave so as to avoid the consequence.
d. all of the above are true for negative reinforcement.
c. we behave so as to avoid the consequence.
If you act out in class to obtain attention (make other students laugh), then even though you get detention, then attention that you received from other students acts as a?
a. negative reinforcement
b. positive reinforcement
c. unconditioned stimulus
d. negative role model
b. positive reinforcement
Mr. Din gives candy for every A earned on a test while Mr. Granger gives a gold star for every A earned. Mr. Din is using ________ reinforcement. Mr. Granger is using ________ reinforcement.
a. Positive / Negative
b. Negative / Positive
c. Primary / Secondary
d. Secondary / Primary
c. Primary / Secondary
Schools hope that students will generalize a response to a gold star because that means they will
a. suddenly stops responding to stars
b. associates the star with happy feelings
c. ignore other different types of stickers
d. responds similarly to any other stickers
d. responds similarly to any other stickers
Your parents used to give you money for A’s on your report card but now they have stopped. Skinner predicts extinction will occur which means you will
a. continue to work hard as you have learned how to study effectively.
b. work even harder and get even better grades to change your parent’s mind.
c. stop working to earn A’s because the reinforcement has been taken away.
d. have developed your intelligence and recognize the importance of getting high grades.
c. stop working to earn A’s because the reinforcement has been taken away.
