Chapter 04

Question 1

Selective Attention

Answer 1

To deliberately ignore certain sounds and distractions

Question 2

Direct Inner Awareness

Answer 2

To reflect on inner states (thinking about a dream)

Question 3

Nonconscious

Answer 3

Unaware of body processes (hair growing)

Question 4

Conscious

Answer 4

Alert awareness

Question 5

Preconscious

Answer 5

Just below surface awareness, easy to recall, placed there temp.

Question 6

Unconscious

Answer 6

Primitive instincts and urges that are repressed, not available to the conscious mind

Question 7

Repression

Answer 7

Without thinking, the idea/desire is automatically rejected in unconscious

Question 8

Suppression

Answer 8

Having thought about it, deliberately put idea/desire into unconscious

Question 9

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 9

The sleep-wake cycle

Question 10

Beta Waves

Answer 10

When individual is awake and alert

Question 11

Alpha Waves

Answer 11

When individual is awake, but relaxed — helps fall asleep

Question 12

Theta Waves

Answer 12

Dozing state of mind

Question 13

Spindles (K complex)

Answer 13

Minor noises do not wake the sleeper

Question 14

Delta Waves

Answer 14

Deep sleep, hard to wake

Question 15

REM Sleep

Answer 15

Cycle back to active waves but do not wake up — vivid dreams occur in REM sleep

• 5 cycles of rejuvenation theory (~7 hrs)

Question 16

Cognitive Theory

Answer 16

Dreams about real life problems, anticipated events, or just residue thoughts of the day

Question 17

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 17

Freud: sleep relaxes ego control, allows dreams to reveal unconscious impulses that we hide when awake

Question 18

Activation Synthesis Theory

Answer 18

Theory that the cortex receives random stimulation while sleeping, activates RAS then signal is worked into a dream

Question 19

Insomnia

Answer 19

When a person cannot fall asleep or can fall asleep but cannot stay asleep

Question 20

Narcolepsy

Answer 20

Spontaneous sleeping during the day

Question 21

Sleep Apnea

Answer 21

When a person stops breathing and wakes up, they then fall back to sleep but are REM deprived

Question 22

Sleep Terrors

Answer 22

These occur in deep sleep, and the person wakes up suddenly — their fear is more severe and dream content less coherent than a nightmare

Question 23

Hypnosis

Answer 23

Is the willing suspension of conscious control of behavior

Question 24

[Hypnosis] Role Theory

Answer 24

Ability to cooperate, to act hypnotized (willingness)

Question 25

[Hypnosis] Response Set

Answer 25

Holds expectations consistent with behavior under hypnosis (set of behaviors)

Question 26

[Hypnosis] Dissociation

Answer 26

Ability to focus attention away from actual reality (ignoring sensory input)

Question 27

Meditation

Answer 27

To use a conscious, intentional focus to relax

Question 28

[Meditation] Transcendental

Answer 28

To use a mantra to focus (repeating “Ohm”)

Question 29

[Meditation] Mindfulness

Answer 29

To focus on the moment

Question 30

Biofeedback

Answer 30

To use conscious control to alter body functions (people can be trained to consciously reduce their own blood pressure)

Question 31

Depressants

Answer 31

Slow down activity of central nervous system, causes a person to feel relaxed

Question 32

Stimulants

Answer 32

Increase central nervous system, person feels more alert

Question 33

Hallucinogens

Answer 33

Act in serotonin receptor sites, cause perception without sensation