Chapter 03 Flashcards
Sensation
When energy signal activates, stimulates the receptor cell
Perception
Mentally organize and interpret signals
Absolute Threshold
The cells minimum level of energy that produces a sensation
Subliminal Stimulation
The sensation is there but below threshold
Difference Threshold
Minimum difference in intensity from two energy sources needed to perceive them as not the same
Signal Detection Theory
Theory that more than cell reaction is important in signal detection
Selective Attention
A factor where you consciously direct your focus
Feature Detectors (Hubel & Wiesel)
Cells in occipital lobe that react to features such as lines, angles, and gradients
Desensitization
When cells decrease response over time
Sensitization
When cells increase response over time
Retina
The layer of the eye containing visual receptor cells
Rods
Composes the retina layer, reacts to light intensity
Cones
Composes the retina layer, reacts to color
Trichromatic Theroy
Red, green, and blue-violet cell types are all that is needed to create all visible colors
Opponent Process Theory
That three cell types are: red-green, blue-yellow, and brightness
Monochromat
Has rod cells, can see shades of gray, but no cone cells and cannot see color
Dichromat
Missing some cone cells, would mix up only certain differences in color
Figure Ground
To focus on one part of the situation, perceive the focus against a background
Proximity Rule
Tendency to organize items near each other as a coherent group
Closure Rule
For vague, or incomplete imagesL tend to fill in what is missing, but not actually noticing what is missing
Continuity Rule
Tendency to perceive events close in time and space as being connected
Stroboscopic Motion
Illusion of movement by rapid presentation of images
Monocular Cues
Depth indicators requiring only one eye to see that there is depth or distance
Binocular Cues
Require input of two eyes in a comparison process
Conductive Deafness
Workings of the inner ear are less flexible
Sensorineural Deafness
Cells die off within the ear
Nociceptors
Receptor cells within the skin that detect pain
Gate Theory (Malzak & Wall)
All signals pass through spinal cord, if it has enough other signals, they are blocked
Phantom Limb
The sensation of having a missing limb
Matrix Theory
A neural net of sensations in the cortex
Kinesthesis
Informs you of body positions and movement
Equilibrium
Signals from your inner ear canals tell you if you are upright
