Chap 7 - Non-communicable diseases

Question 1

What is correlation?

Answer 1

If a trend on a graph is similar. might suggest a link between 2 factors

Question 2

What is causation?

Answer 2

Proving a link and collecting evidence and being able to scientifically the causing mechanism

Question 3

Name 3 types of cancer?

Answer 3

Skin, breast, brain

Question 4

Define cancer?

Answer 4

The uncontrolled cell division (abnormal mitosis) and is a result of genetic mutation

Question 5

What are the 2 types of tumour?

Answer 5

Malignant AND benign

Question 6

How can you get cancer?

Answer 6

Genetically inherited or environmental e.g smoking

Question 7

What is a malignant tumour?

Answer 7

Harmful, cells can migrate into the blood stream and spread to other organs to form secondary

Question 8

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 8

Cells grow in 1 area only, surrounded by a membrane and usually not lethal

Question 9

How does the blood support the tumour?

Answer 9

Supplys oxygen and nutrients for tumour growth

Question 10

What is tar?

Answer 10

Sticky black chemical that turns lungs from pink to grey, build up leads to alveoli breaking down

Question 11

Give 2 affects of smoking on the body?

Answer 11

Narrows blood vessels within the skin and increases heart rate making CHD more likely

Question 12

What happens to cilia?

Answer 12

Cillia in trachea and bronchi that move mucus stop working meaning mucus falls down into lungs increasing risk of infection

Question 13

How does smoking affect pregnancy?

Answer 13

Carbon monoxide causes oxygen shortage meaning foetus does not grow properly leading to premature births

Question 14

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 14

Saturated comes from animal fats but unsaturated comes from plant oils

Question 15

What are the 5 nutrient groups?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals

Question 16

Why is having balanced proportions of nutrients important?

Answer 16

Otherwise there is risk of deficiency disease

Question 17

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 17

Mass (kg) divided by height squared (metres)

Question 18

Define metabolism?

Answer 18

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body cells

Question 19

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 19

Where your body doesn’t make enough insulin to control your blood sugar levels

Question 20

Give 2 examples of chemical reactions within a metabolism?

Answer 20

Respiration, digestion

Question 21

Is alcohol poisonous?

Answer 21

Yes but liver counters this before permanent damage is caused

Question 22

What is ethanol absorbed by and what does it affect?

Answer 22

Absorbed by blood stream and effects nervous system

Question 23

Give 2 examples of effected nervous system?

Answer 23

Thought processes and reduces inhibitions

Question 24

What is mostly damaged long term by alcohol?

Answer 24

Brain and liver

Question 25

What disease destroys liver tissue?

Answer 25

Cirrihosis, tissue replacement does not carry out vital functions

Question 26

Is alcohol a carcinogen?

Answer 26

Yes, develops liver cancer

Question 27

What does long term drinking do to the brain?

Answer 27

Makes it go soft and pulpy meaning it cannot function properly

Question 28

How does alcohol affect pregnancy?

Answer 28

Consumption passes across placenta into baby development

Question 29

How is the baby affected by consumption?

Answer 29

Facial deformities, learning difficulties, heart problems all known as fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 30

What do large amounts of alcohol do to your nerve system?

Answer 30

Unconsciousness, coma and possible fatality