Chap 7 - Non-communicable diseases Flashcards
What is correlation?
If a trend on a graph is similar. might suggest a link between 2 factors
What is causation?
Proving a link and collecting evidence and being able to scientifically the causing mechanism
Name 3 types of cancer?
Skin, breast, brain
Define cancer?
The uncontrolled cell division (abnormal mitosis) and is a result of genetic mutation
What are the 2 types of tumour?
Malignant AND benign
How can you get cancer?
Genetically inherited or environmental e.g smoking
What is a malignant tumour?
Harmful, cells can migrate into the blood stream and spread to other organs to form secondary
What is a benign tumour?
Cells grow in 1 area only, surrounded by a membrane and usually not lethal
How does the blood support the tumour?
Supplys oxygen and nutrients for tumour growth
What is tar?
Sticky black chemical that turns lungs from pink to grey, build up leads to alveoli breaking down
Give 2 affects of smoking on the body?
Narrows blood vessels within the skin and increases heart rate making CHD more likely
What happens to cilia?
Cillia in trachea and bronchi that move mucus stop working meaning mucus falls down into lungs increasing risk of infection
How does smoking affect pregnancy?
Carbon monoxide causes oxygen shortage meaning foetus does not grow properly leading to premature births
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated comes from animal fats but unsaturated comes from plant oils
What are the 5 nutrient groups?
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals
Why is having balanced proportions of nutrients important?
Otherwise there is risk of deficiency disease
How do you calculate BMI?
Mass (kg) divided by height squared (metres)
Define metabolism?
Sum of all chemical reactions in the body cells
What is type 2 diabetes?
Where your body doesn’t make enough insulin to control your blood sugar levels
Give 2 examples of chemical reactions within a metabolism?
Respiration, digestion
Is alcohol poisonous?
Yes but liver counters this before permanent damage is caused
What is ethanol absorbed by and what does it affect?
Absorbed by blood stream and effects nervous system
Give 2 examples of effected nervous system?
Thought processes and reduces inhibitions
What is mostly damaged long term by alcohol?
Brain and liver
What disease destroys liver tissue?
Cirrihosis, tissue replacement does not carry out vital functions
Is alcohol a carcinogen?
Yes, develops liver cancer
What does long term drinking do to the brain?
Makes it go soft and pulpy meaning it cannot function properly
How does alcohol affect pregnancy?
Consumption passes across placenta into baby development
How is the baby affected by consumption?
Facial deformities, learning difficulties, heart problems all known as fetal alcohol syndrome
What do large amounts of alcohol do to your nerve system?
Unconsciousness, coma and possible fatality
