Chap 1 - Cell structure + Transport Flashcards
What is 1 micrometer = to in nano metres?
1um = 1000nm
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = Image size
IAM Actual size
Define resolution?
Ability to distinguish between 2 separate points
Which out of an animal and plant cell has a cell wall?
Plant cell
Give features of an animal cell?
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Give features of a plant cell?
Cell wall, Permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
What does a prokaryotic cell contain that a eukaryotic does not?
Cell wall
What is genetic material and where is it stored?
DNA, forms structures called chromosomes all within the nucleus
Is bacteria a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic
What are plasmids and which cells are they found in?
Small rings of DNA used for antibiotic resistance in bacteria cells (prokaryotic)
Give 3 examples of specialisation in animal cells?
Nerve cells, muscle cells, sperm cells
Give 4 examples of specialisation in plant cells?
Root hair cells, photosynthetic cells, xylem and phloem cells
Define diffusion?
Spreading out of particles of a gas, or any substance in a solution (solute)
What does diffusion result in?
NET MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES
What affects the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, increase = diffusion takes place quicker
Define osmosis?
Movement of water across a partially permeable membrane into a solution
What is a dilute solution?
Higher concentration of water in the solution
What is a concentrated solution?
A low concentration of water compared to substance e.g sugar
What is isotonic?
Same concentration in and out of the cell
What is HYPERtonic?
Concentration OUTSIDE the cell is HIGHER
What is HYPOtonic?
Concentration INSIDE the cell is HIGHER
Why does osmosis occur?
To restore balance of solution inside and outside of cell’s cytoplasm
What is the difference between turgid and plasmid plant cells (osmosis included)?
High concentration of water builds pressure and makes cells turgid, possibly to swell and burst. Plasmid is a low concentration of water due to osmosis, cells shrink and if not restored quickly will die
What is the required practical for osmosis?
Potato in cylinders (see flashcards for more)
Define active transport?
Substances move against the concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane
What is needed for active transport and how does the organism gather it?
ENERGY, produced from cell respiration
Where do you most likely find active transport?
Widely used in cells when mineral ions in the soil are trying to be absorbed by root hair cells against gravity and concentration gradient
Give 4 adaptations needed to exchange materials?
Large SA, thin membrane (shorter distance to diffuse), efficient blood supply (maintain diffusion gradient), ventilation (maintain steep concentration gradient)
Give 2 problems as organisms get bigger?
Metabolic waste cannot be removed fast enough to avoid poisoning cells AND gases and food molecules cannot reach cells
What is the surface area : volume ratio?
Shows how energy is transferred by living organisms
