Chap 1 - Cell structure + Transport

Question 1

What is 1 micrometer = to in nano metres?

Answer 1

1um = 1000nm

Question 2

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 2

Magnification = Image size
IAM Actual size

Question 3

Define resolution?

Answer 3

Ability to distinguish between 2 separate points

Question 4

Which out of an animal and plant cell has a cell wall?

Answer 4

Plant cell

Question 5

Give features of an animal cell?

Answer 5

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 6

Give features of a plant cell?

Answer 6

Cell wall, Permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 7

What does a prokaryotic cell contain that a eukaryotic does not?

Answer 7

Cell wall

Question 8

What is genetic material and where is it stored?

Answer 8

DNA, forms structures called chromosomes all within the nucleus

Question 9

Is bacteria a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic

Question 10

What are plasmids and which cells are they found in?

Answer 10

Small rings of DNA used for antibiotic resistance in bacteria cells (prokaryotic)

Question 11

Give 3 examples of specialisation in animal cells?

Answer 11

Nerve cells, muscle cells, sperm cells

Question 12

Give 4 examples of specialisation in plant cells?

Answer 12

Root hair cells, photosynthetic cells, xylem and phloem cells

Question 13

Define diffusion?

Answer 13

Spreading out of particles of a gas, or any substance in a solution (solute)

Question 14

What does diffusion result in?

Answer 14

NET MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES

Question 15

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 15

Temperature, increase = diffusion takes place quicker

Question 16

Define osmosis?

Answer 16

Movement of water across a partially permeable membrane into a solution

Question 17

What is a dilute solution?

Answer 17

Higher concentration of water in the solution

Question 18

What is a concentrated solution?

Answer 18

A low concentration of water compared to substance e.g sugar

Question 19

What is isotonic?

Answer 19

Same concentration in and out of the cell

Question 20

What is HYPERtonic?

Answer 20

Concentration OUTSIDE the cell is HIGHER

Question 21

What is HYPOtonic?

Answer 21

Concentration INSIDE the cell is HIGHER

Question 22

Why does osmosis occur?

Answer 22

To restore balance of solution inside and outside of cell’s cytoplasm

Question 23

What is the difference between turgid and plasmid plant cells (osmosis included)?

Answer 23

High concentration of water builds pressure and makes cells turgid, possibly to swell and burst. Plasmid is a low concentration of water due to osmosis, cells shrink and if not restored quickly will die

Question 24

What is the required practical for osmosis?

Answer 24

Potato in cylinders (see flashcards for more)

Question 25

Define active transport?

Answer 25

Substances move against the concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane

Question 26

What is needed for active transport and how does the organism gather it?

Answer 26

ENERGY, produced from cell respiration

Question 27

Where do you most likely find active transport?

Answer 27

Widely used in cells when mineral ions in the soil are trying to be absorbed by root hair cells against gravity and concentration gradient

Question 28

Give 4 adaptations needed to exchange materials?

Answer 28

Large SA, thin membrane (shorter distance to diffuse), efficient blood supply (maintain diffusion gradient), ventilation (maintain steep concentration gradient)

Question 29

Give 2 problems as organisms get bigger?

Answer 29

Metabolic waste cannot be removed fast enough to avoid poisoning cells AND gases and food molecules cannot reach cells

Question 30

What is the surface area : volume ratio?

Answer 30

Shows how energy is transferred by living organisms