Chap 4 - Circulatory system

Question 1

What are bloods 2 main functions?

Answer 1

Transport and Defence

Question 2

What are 2 uses of transport?

Answer 2

Red blood cells carry oxygen and plasma carries dissolved chemicals

Question 3

What are 2 uses of defence?

Answer 3

Platelets which are cell fragments that clot blood, white blood cell the destroy disease pathogens

Question 4

What is a biconcave disk?

Answer 4

Shape of red blood cell, more SA meaning more oxygen can diffuse in

Question 5

Why does a red blood cell NOT have a nucleus?

Answer 5

More space for haemoglobin and more oxygen is transported

Question 6

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 6

Artery, capillary, veins

Question 7

Which blood vessel has valves and why?

Answer 7

Veins, to keep blood flowing in 1 direction given pressure is low

Question 8

What is lumen?

Answer 8

Central cavity

Question 9

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 9

Carry blood away from heart and carry blood under high pressure

Question 10

What is the function of a capillary?

Answer 10

Exchange materials between blood and tissue cells

Question 11

What is the function of the veins?

Answer 11

Carry blood toward heart, thin walls and less muscular tissue

Question 12

Why does artery have thick muscle layer?

Answer 12

Prevents it from bursting under high pressure

Question 13

Define double circulation?

Answer 13

Means blood has to pass through heart twice to do one complete route

Question 14

Advantage of double circulation?

Answer 14

Blood goes up to lungs to pick up oxygen and more oxygen twice around the heart also boosting pressure

Question 15

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 15

Takes blood to the lungs

Question 16

What does the aorta do?

Answer 16

Takes blood toward the body

Question 17

What muscle is the heart made out of?

Answer 17

Cardiac muscle

Question 18

What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen?

Answer 18

Right side, left pumps blood to rest of body

Question 19

What does the atria do?

Answer 19

Contracts squeezing blood into the ventricles

Question 20

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 20

They contract and force blood into the two arteries

Question 21

What does a STENT do?

Answer 21

Used to aid coronary heart disease

Question 22

How is coronary heart disease caused?

Answer 22

By arteries getting blocked by fatty deposits leading to chest pains

Question 23

What is a disadvantage of using a STENT?

Answer 23

Risk of infection during surgery, blood clot might form

Question 24

What Is a heart pace maker used for?

Answer 24

Electric battery connected to pace maker by wires to regulate heart beat

Question 25

Where is a heart pace maker located?

Answer 25

Right atrium

Question 26

Name a treatment for malfunctioning valve?

Answer 26

Mechanical valve, open heart surgery, immunosuppressant drugs, lasts for 40+ years

Question 27

What is inspiration?

Answer 27

Breathing in

Question 28

What happens to the volume of thorax when you breathe out?

Answer 28

It decreases

Question 29

Name the process where oxygen moves through walls of alveolus?

Answer 29

Diffusion

Question 30

Why does the trachea have cartilage rings?

Answer 30

Allows air to flow in and out constantly

Question 31

Give 3 ways alveoli are adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 31

Larger SA to absorb more oxygen, thin cell membrane meaning shorter diffusion distance and more air flow meaning steeper concentration gradient