Chap 4 - Circulatory system Flashcards
What are bloods 2 main functions?
Transport and Defence
What are 2 uses of transport?
Red blood cells carry oxygen and plasma carries dissolved chemicals
What are 2 uses of defence?
Platelets which are cell fragments that clot blood, white blood cell the destroy disease pathogens
What is a biconcave disk?
Shape of red blood cell, more SA meaning more oxygen can diffuse in
Why does a red blood cell NOT have a nucleus?
More space for haemoglobin and more oxygen is transported
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Artery, capillary, veins
Which blood vessel has valves and why?
Veins, to keep blood flowing in 1 direction given pressure is low
What is lumen?
Central cavity
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood away from heart and carry blood under high pressure
What is the function of a capillary?
Exchange materials between blood and tissue cells
What is the function of the veins?
Carry blood toward heart, thin walls and less muscular tissue
Why does artery have thick muscle layer?
Prevents it from bursting under high pressure
Define double circulation?
Means blood has to pass through heart twice to do one complete route
Advantage of double circulation?
Blood goes up to lungs to pick up oxygen and more oxygen twice around the heart also boosting pressure
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Takes blood to the lungs
What does the aorta do?
Takes blood toward the body
What muscle is the heart made out of?
Cardiac muscle
What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
Right side, left pumps blood to rest of body
What does the atria do?
Contracts squeezing blood into the ventricles
What do the ventricles do?
They contract and force blood into the two arteries
What does a STENT do?
Used to aid coronary heart disease
How is coronary heart disease caused?
By arteries getting blocked by fatty deposits leading to chest pains
What is a disadvantage of using a STENT?
Risk of infection during surgery, blood clot might form
What Is a heart pace maker used for?
Electric battery connected to pace maker by wires to regulate heart beat
Where is a heart pace maker located?
Right atrium
Name a treatment for malfunctioning valve?
Mechanical valve, open heart surgery, immunosuppressant drugs, lasts for 40+ years
What is inspiration?
Breathing in
What happens to the volume of thorax when you breathe out?
It decreases
Name the process where oxygen moves through walls of alveolus?
Diffusion
Why does the trachea have cartilage rings?
Allows air to flow in and out constantly
Give 3 ways alveoli are adapted for gas exchange?
Larger SA to absorb more oxygen, thin cell membrane meaning shorter diffusion distance and more air flow meaning steeper concentration gradient
