B11 - Hormonal control in humans and plants Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
The second coordination system that involves hormones and is made up of glands
What is the job of glands?
Secrete chemicals (hormone) into bloodstream that is then carried by the blood to the target organ
How are hormones different to nerves?
Slower but long lasting EXCEPT INSULIN AND ADRENALINE THAT ARE RAPID RESPONSE HORMONES
Give 2 examples of normal hormones?
Growth and sex hormones
What is the pituitary gland?
Controls all other glands, secretes variety of different hormones in response to changes in body conditions
What is a hormones that has a direct effect?
ADH - Amount of urine produced by kidney
What is the normal amount of blood glucose?
90mg/100cm3 of blood
What gland secretes both glucagon and insulin?
Pancreas
When amount of glucose is too high, insulin is released to break it down into?
Glycogen
When glucose is too low, glucagon is released to do what?
Convert glycogen back into glucose
What is type 1 diabetes summary?
Genetic disorder, receptor does not perform its function, the immune system attacks itself and destroys the pancreas cells that produce insulin
What is type 2 diabetes summary?
Brought upon yourself, receptor loses its shape, insulin is still made but body doesn’t respond properly
How can diabetes be prevented/limited?
Exercise regime, carbohydrate controlled diet
What can happen when overdosing on insulin?
Hypoglycaemia- lack of sugar
What is a risky way to treat type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas transplant
Describe a negative feedback system?
Used to maintain optimum levels in the body, see physical flashcards for more
What are 2 signs of puberty in a man?
Sperm is produced
Shoulders and chest broadens
What are 2 signs of puberty in a woman?
Fat deposited onto hips and thighs, menstruation begins
What does the hormone FSH stimulate?
A new egg maturing
What happens when oestrogen levels rise?
Uterus lining regrows
What hormone is released when progesterone levels rise?
LH - released by pituitary
What does LH stimulate?
The egg being released and ovulation occurs
Once ovulation occurs what does progesterone inhibit?
FSH AND LH
What happens if the egg is not fertilised?
All hormone levels drop meaning the uterus lining is not supported resulting in menstruation occurring
What does ‘the pill’ do?
Inhibits FSH being produced meaning no egg can mature
What does the barrier method do and what bonus does it add?
Stops egg and sperm meeting but also reduces infection risk
What is abstinence?
Very unreliable, planned intercourse before egg has been released
What is a surgical method?
Oviducts can be cut/tied to prevent any more eggs being released and further fertilised
Describe IVF?
In vitro fertilisation - eggs are fertilised outside of body in a laboratory from a sperm donor, mother is given both LH AND FSH boosting hormones when the egg is brought to ovulation it is removed, developed and then inserted back into uterus
What are other methods of infertility treatment?
Fertility drugs however these may produces too many eggs resulting in multiple pregnancies often twins
Where is adrenaline produced?
Adrenal glands
What is the purpose of adrenaline?
Prepare body for fight or flight
What body changes occur when adrenaline is produced?
Heart and breathing rate increases to boost delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
Where is thyroxine produced?
Thyroid gland
What is the purpose of thyroxine?
Control basal metabolic rate of body (how quickly substances and broken down or built up)
How does thyroxine come about being produced?
When the brain detects change in internal conditions of the body (negative feedback)
