B11 - Hormonal control in humans and plants

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

The second coordination system that involves hormones and is made up of glands

Question 2

What is the job of glands?

Answer 2

Secrete chemicals (hormone) into bloodstream that is then carried by the blood to the target organ

Question 3

How are hormones different to nerves?

Answer 3

Slower but long lasting EXCEPT INSULIN AND ADRENALINE THAT ARE RAPID RESPONSE HORMONES

Question 4

Give 2 examples of normal hormones?

Answer 4

Growth and sex hormones

Question 5

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

Controls all other glands, secretes variety of different hormones in response to changes in body conditions

Question 6

What is a hormones that has a direct effect?

Answer 6

ADH - Amount of urine produced by kidney

Question 7

What is the normal amount of blood glucose?

Answer 7

90mg/100cm3 of blood

Question 8

What gland secretes both glucagon and insulin?

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

When amount of glucose is too high, insulin is released to break it down into?

Answer 9

Glycogen

Question 10

When glucose is too low, glucagon is released to do what?

Answer 10

Convert glycogen back into glucose

Question 11

What is type 1 diabetes summary?

Answer 11

Genetic disorder, receptor does not perform its function, the immune system attacks itself and destroys the pancreas cells that produce insulin

Question 12

What is type 2 diabetes summary?

Answer 12

Brought upon yourself, receptor loses its shape, insulin is still made but body doesn’t respond properly

Question 13

How can diabetes be prevented/limited?

Answer 13

Exercise regime, carbohydrate controlled diet

Question 14

What can happen when overdosing on insulin?

Answer 14

Hypoglycaemia- lack of sugar

Question 15

What is a risky way to treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer 15

Pancreas transplant

Question 16

Describe a negative feedback system?

Answer 16

Used to maintain optimum levels in the body, see physical flashcards for more

Question 17

What are 2 signs of puberty in a man?

Answer 17

Sperm is produced
Shoulders and chest broadens

Question 18

What are 2 signs of puberty in a woman?

Answer 18

Fat deposited onto hips and thighs, menstruation begins

Question 19

What does the hormone FSH stimulate?

Answer 19

A new egg maturing

Question 20

What happens when oestrogen levels rise?

Answer 20

Uterus lining regrows

Question 21

What hormone is released when progesterone levels rise?

Answer 21

LH - released by pituitary

Question 22

What does LH stimulate?

Answer 22

The egg being released and ovulation occurs

Question 23

Once ovulation occurs what does progesterone inhibit?

Answer 23

FSH AND LH

Question 24

What happens if the egg is not fertilised?

Answer 24

All hormone levels drop meaning the uterus lining is not supported resulting in menstruation occurring

Question 25

What does ‘the pill’ do?

Answer 25

Inhibits FSH being produced meaning no egg can mature

Question 26

What does the barrier method do and what bonus does it add?

Answer 26

Stops egg and sperm meeting but also reduces infection risk

Question 27

What is abstinence?

Answer 27

Very unreliable, planned intercourse before egg has been released

Question 28

What is a surgical method?

Answer 28

Oviducts can be cut/tied to prevent any more eggs being released and further fertilised

Question 29

Describe IVF?

Answer 29

In vitro fertilisation - eggs are fertilised outside of body in a laboratory from a sperm donor, mother is given both LH AND FSH boosting hormones when the egg is brought to ovulation it is removed, developed and then inserted back into uterus

Question 30

What are other methods of infertility treatment?

Answer 30

Fertility drugs however these may produces too many eggs resulting in multiple pregnancies often twins

Question 31

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 31

Adrenal glands

Question 32

What is the purpose of adrenaline?

Answer 32

Prepare body for fight or flight

Question 33

What body changes occur when adrenaline is produced?

Answer 33

Heart and breathing rate increases to boost delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles

Question 34

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 34

Thyroid gland

Question 35

What is the purpose of thyroxine?

Answer 35

Control basal metabolic rate of body (how quickly substances and broken down or built up)

Question 36

How does thyroxine come about being produced?

Answer 36

When the brain detects change in internal conditions of the body (negative feedback)