Chap 2 - Cell division + Plant Meristems Flashcards
Define mitosis?
Cell division leading to 2 identical daughter cells having same amount of chromosomes and parent nucleus resulting in typical tissue growth
What happens in the mitochondria?
Energy and respiration
What are chromosomes made of?
Genes/DNA
What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
What happens in stage 1?
Volume of cell cytoplasm increases, DNA replicates forming identical copies of each chromosome and is checked for mutations made
What happens in stage 2?
Division of nucleus, pairs of replicated chromosomes are pulled apart, one set to each end of dividing cell
What happens in stage 3?
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 new genetically identical daughter cells
How many chromosomes in your body’s cells?
46
Does mitosis support growth?
Yes, we need it to grow
What is the shortest cell cycle?
Embryonic cell cycle
How do plants grow?
Shoot tip absorbs more light energy and root tip is actively growing
What are meristems?
Unspecialised cells that can divide and form any cell type
Can plants regenerate?
Yes, growing new parts
What cell process occurs rapidly at a meristem?
Mitosis
What happens in zone of elongation?
Cells enlarge causing plants to get bigger
How do you calculate magnification?
Image size divided by actual size
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialised cell which divide rapidly by mitosis and can develop into different cell types
Name 4 types of embryonic cells?
Red blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, small intestine cells
Where are majority of stem cells found?
Human bone marrow and embryos
What do stem cells usually require?
A donor
What are 2 drawbacks of stem cells?
Under- researched and risk of transferring infection
What are stem cells looking to cure?
Leukaemia and grow replacement organs
Define therapeutic cloning?
Creation of cloned embryos for producing embryonic stem checks with same genes
Give 3 advantages of using stem cells from adult bone marrow rather than embryos?
Cost friendly, adults can give their own permission, considered a safe procedure
What is a disadvantage of a plant meristem?
Cloned plants are genetically identical meaning a whole crop could be at risk of single disease of genetic defect
