B15 + B16 Adaptations, interdependence + competition Flashcards

1
Q

Define a community?

A

Made up of the populations of a different species of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria that are all interdependent in habitat

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2
Q

Define an ecosystem?

A

Made up of a community of organisms interacting with the abiotic elements of their environment

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3
Q

What is interdependence?

A

If one species is removed or becomes very numerous, it can affect the whole community

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4
Q

Give 3 factors of a stable community?

A

Environmental factors staying constant
Population sizes remain constant
Examples include tropical rainforests, mature coral reefs

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5
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Light intensity - photosynthesis
Temperature
Moisture levels
Soil pH + mineral contents
Carbon dioxide and oxygen availability

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6
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Food availability
New pathogens
New predators arriving
Interspecific competition

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7
Q

Give a method for quadrats - random sampling

A

Mark out an area
Divide into squares
Use random no. gen
Thrown a quadrat
Count organisms within it
Take a mean
Multiply this by no. of squares in area

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8
Q

What is transect sampling?

A

More consisten and orderly fashion of measuring other things as well such as soil pH and light levels

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9
Q

What is the difference between interspecific snd intraspecific?

A

Inter - Between different organisms
Intra - between same species

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10
Q

Give examples of interspecific competition?

A

Food, shelter, space, territory

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11
Q

Give examples of intraspecific competition?

A

Sex, food, hibernation space

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12
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light, water, minerals, space

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13
Q

Why is seed dispersal needed in plants?

A

Reproduce successfully without leaving no space to grow for parent plant

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of seed dispersal?

A

Wind
Explosive
Animals
Water (coconuts)

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15
Q

What are some adaptations of a camel?

A

Stores fat for metabolic water
Thick fur for cold nights
Eyelashes to keep out sand
Wide feet to avoid sinking in sand

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16
Q

What are some adaptations of a polar bear?

A

Hibernate to avoid harsh conditions
Thick fur to stay warm

17
Q

What are plants and algae known as in the food chain?

A

Producers also phytoplankton

18
Q

What do primary consumers eat?

19
Q

What do secondary consumers eat?

A

Primary consumers, often carnivores

20
Q

What do tertiary consumers eat?

A

Secondary consumers

21
Q

What graph is needed for food chain?

A

Prey and predator graph

22
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Group of organisms that break down the waste of dead animals and plants

23
Q

What chemicals are decomposers typically made up of?

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

24
Q

Describe the decay process?

A

Where the same material is repeatedly recycled leading to a stable community or organisms

25
What do decomposers give to the soil and air?
Restore mineral ions including nitrates to solid and give off carbon dioxide into air
26
What is the water cycle?
Ocean - condensation - precipitation - percolation - ocean
27
What is the decaying process?
Aerobic respiration