Chap 4 - Respiratory Diseases Part 2 Flashcards
Distress Syndrome where retractions bend the flexible breast bone inwards.
Sternal Retractions
Develops in premature infants who lack sufficient levels of surfactant in their lungs. Signs include nasal flaring, grunting, and retraction.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Distress syndrome where retractions pull in the soft tissue between the ribs. Also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD).
Intercostal Retractions
Acute viral respiratory illness that can be fatal. Symptoms include fever, dyspnea, and cough, together with a history of track in an airplane or close contact with another infected person.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Lung infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spread by airborne droplets expelled by coughing. Bacteria can remain dormant for years. Symptoms include fever, coughing, weight loss, night sweats and hemoptysis (coughing blood).
Tuberculosis (TB)
Presence of blood in the thoracic cavity, usually from trauma.
Hemothorax
Congenital deformity in which the inferior tip of the sternum is positioned posteriorly, creating a hallow depression in the anterior chest wall.
Pectins Excavatum
Accumulation of fluid within the pleural space due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs.
Pleural effusion
Inflammation of the pleura as a result of pneumonia or other infection, trauma, or tumor. Inflamed parietal pleura and visceral pleura rub against each other causing pain, especially when taking a breath.
Pleurisy or Pleuritis (Pleuritic)
Large volume of air that forms in the pleural space and progressively separates the two pleural membranes. The compresses or even collapses the lung. Can be caused by penetrating injury that allows outside air to flow into the thoracic cavity. Also occurs when alveoli rupture from lung disease and release air into the thoracic cavity.
Pneumothorax
Brief or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations. Causes include respiratory arrest or respiratory failure.
Apnea
Apnea where person stops breathing multiple times each night because of obstruction of the airway by the soft palate or neck tissues. Apnea is followed by gasping breath that awakens the patient. They experience sleep deprivation, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating during the day.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abnormally slow rate of breathing. May be caused by a ance or neurological damage that affects the respiratory center of the brain.
Bradypnea
Protective mechanism to forcefully expel accidentally inhaled food, irritating particles (smoke, dust), or internally produced mucus. Process of getting sputum out of the lungs is called expectoration.
Cough
Difficult, labored, or painful respiration due to lung disease. Also known as shortness of breath.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath that occurs at night.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
Lung disease that causes patient to assume an upright or semi-upright position to breathe and sleep comfortably. The degree of disease is expressed in the number of pillows the patient needs.
Orthopnea
Abnormally rapid breathing rate caused by lung disease.
Tachypnea
Complete lack of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues. Caused by lack of oxygen in the inhaled air or by an obstruction that prevents oxygen from reaching the lungs.
Anoxia
Occurs when fetus doesn’t get enough oxygen through the umbilical cord and placenta before or during birth.
Caused: premature separation of placenta from uterine wall, umbilical cord wrapped around neck, or compressed umbilical cord against baby’s head during delivery.
Asphyxia
An acute event in which an apparently healthy infant under one year of age suddenly dies.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Bluish-gray discolouration of the skin from abnormally low levels of oxygen and abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in tissues. It can be seen around mouth or nail beds.
Cyanosis
Abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood.
Hypercapnia
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the arterial blood.
Hypoxemia
Abnormally low level of oxygen at the cellular level.
Hypoxia
