Chap 3 - Gastrointestinal Diseases 3 Flashcards
Hardened feces into stone-like mass. Can form in appendix or diverticulum.
Fecalith
Severe unrelieved constipation
Obstipation
Blood in stool from ulcer, cancer, Crohn’s, polyp, diverticulum, or hemorrhoid.
Hematochezia
Inability to voluntarily control bowel movement
Incontinence
Dark, tarry stools containing digested blood due to bleeding in esophagus or stomach.
Melena
Greasy, frothy, and foul-smelling stools that contain undigested fats. Caused by too little lipase due to pancreatic or cystic fibrosis.
Steatorrhea
Abnormal fibrous bands of tissue that form after abdominal surgery. They connect the intestines to each other or to another organ in abdominal pelvic cavity. They bind so tightly that peristalsis and function is affected.
Adhesions
Weakness in muscles of abdominal wall that allows swelling and pain.
Some are inherited, but also causes by pregnancy, obesity, or heavy lifting.
Hernia
Hernia next to umbilicus
Umbilical hernia
Hernia anywhere on anterior abdominal wall except umbilicus.
Central hernia
Hernia in groin region. In males, into scrotum.
Inguinal hernia
Hernia along suture line of prior surgical incision.
Incisional hernia
Umbilical hernia present at birth and only has thin covering of peritoneum rather than skin.
Omphalocele hernia
Hernia that moves back and forth between the outside sac and inside the abdominal pelvic wall.
Sliding hernia
Hernia in which there is swelling and the intestines can no longer be pushed back into abdominal pelvic cavity. (Irreducible hernia)
Strangulated hernia is irreducible hernia whose blood supply has been cut off
Incarcerated hernia
Inflammation and infection of peritoneum, from ulcer, diverticulum, or cancerous tumor penetrating into abdominal pelvic cavity. Or when appendicitis ruptures.
Peritonitis
Accumulation of ascetic fluid in abdominal pelvic cavity because of liver disease.
Ascites
Chronic progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of liver tissue, characterized by nodules and scarring. Liver becomes enlarged and functions are severely impaired.
Cirrhosis
Inflammation and infection of liver caused by virus.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis that’s acute but short-lived and most completely recover. No chronic form. Caused from exposure to water or food that’s contaminated with feces from person already infected with it. Vaccination available.
Hepatitis A [infectious hepatitis]
HAV
Hepatitis acute infection, many completely recover. When it does become chronic, there are no symptoms for 20 yrs. Infected person is a carrier. Caused by exposure to blood of person already infected, by transfusions or infected needles, sexual contact with saliva or vaginal secretions, breastfeeding. No vaccination available.
Hepatitis B (HIV)
Hepatitis that’s acute infection that continues as chronic. Caused by exposure to blood of person already infected, from needles (drug addicts account for most of percentage). Not readily translated by sexual activity or by mother to fetus. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Antiviral drug treatment.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Hepatitis that’s secondary infection of mutated virus that develops only in patients who already have Hep. B
Hepatitis D (Delta Hepatitis)
Hepatitis similar to hepatitis A, but rarely occurs in USA.
Hepatitis E
Enlargement of liver due to damage from cirrhosis, hepatitis, or cancer.
Hematomegaly
Enlargement of both liver and spleen
Hepatosplenomegaly
Yellowish discolouration of skin and white of eyes. From increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin in blood.
Jaundice
Gallstones obstructing flow of bile in the bile ducts
Obstructive jaundice
Produced when old red blood cells are broken down by the spleen. This is unconjugated. The liver conjugulates (joins) it to make bile.
Bilirubin
Liver cancer
Hepatoma or Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts because of cirrhosis or gallstones.
Cholangitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder when a large gallstone blocks the cystic duct of the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis
One or more gallstones in the gallbladder. It can cause mild symptoms or severe biliary colic when the gallbladder contract or a gallstone becomes lodged in a bile duct.
Cholelithiasis
Occurs when a gallstone becomes lodged in the common bile duct.
Choledocholithiasis
Cancerous tumor of the pancreas
Pancreatic cancer
Inflammation or infection of the pancreas. Occurs when a gallstone blocks the lower common bile duct and pancreatic enzymes back up into the pancreas. Or by chronic alcoholism.
Pancreatitis
