Chap 3 - Gastrointestinal Diseases 3

Question 0

Hardened feces into stone-like mass. Can form in appendix or diverticulum.

Answer 0

Fecalith

Question 1

Severe unrelieved constipation

Answer 1

Obstipation

Question 2

Blood in stool from ulcer, cancer, Crohn’s, polyp, diverticulum, or hemorrhoid.

Answer 2

Hematochezia

Question 3

Inability to voluntarily control bowel movement

Answer 3

Incontinence

Question 4

Dark, tarry stools containing digested blood due to bleeding in esophagus or stomach.

Answer 4

Melena

Question 5

Greasy, frothy, and foul-smelling stools that contain undigested fats. Caused by too little lipase due to pancreatic or cystic fibrosis.

Answer 5

Steatorrhea

Question 6

Abnormal fibrous bands of tissue that form after abdominal surgery. They connect the intestines to each other or to another organ in abdominal pelvic cavity. They bind so tightly that peristalsis and function is affected.

Answer 6

Adhesions

Question 7

Weakness in muscles of abdominal wall that allows swelling and pain.
Some are inherited, but also causes by pregnancy, obesity, or heavy lifting.

Answer 7

Hernia

Question 8

Hernia next to umbilicus

Answer 8

Umbilical hernia

Question 9

Hernia anywhere on anterior abdominal wall except umbilicus.

Answer 9

Central hernia

Question 10

Hernia in groin region. In males, into scrotum.

Answer 10

Inguinal hernia

Question 11

Hernia along suture line of prior surgical incision.

Answer 11

Incisional hernia

Question 12

Umbilical hernia present at birth and only has thin covering of peritoneum rather than skin.

Answer 12

Omphalocele hernia

Question 13

Hernia that moves back and forth between the outside sac and inside the abdominal pelvic wall.

Answer 13

Sliding hernia

Question 14

Hernia in which there is swelling and the intestines can no longer be pushed back into abdominal pelvic cavity. (Irreducible hernia)

Strangulated hernia is irreducible hernia whose blood supply has been cut off

Answer 14

Incarcerated hernia

Question 15

Inflammation and infection of peritoneum, from ulcer, diverticulum, or cancerous tumor penetrating into abdominal pelvic cavity. Or when appendicitis ruptures.

Answer 15

Peritonitis

Question 16

Accumulation of ascetic fluid in abdominal pelvic cavity because of liver disease.

Answer 16

Ascites

Question 17

Chronic progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of liver tissue, characterized by nodules and scarring. Liver becomes enlarged and functions are severely impaired.

Answer 17

Cirrhosis

Question 18

Inflammation and infection of liver caused by virus.

Answer 18

Viral hepatitis

Question 19

Hepatitis that’s acute but short-lived and most completely recover. No chronic form. Caused from exposure to water or food that’s contaminated with feces from person already infected with it. Vaccination available.

Answer 19

Hepatitis A [infectious hepatitis]

HAV

Question 20

Hepatitis acute infection, many completely recover. When it does become chronic, there are no symptoms for 20 yrs. Infected person is a carrier. Caused by exposure to blood of person already infected, by transfusions or infected needles, sexual contact with saliva or vaginal secretions, breastfeeding. No vaccination available.

Answer 20

Hepatitis B (HIV)

Question 21

Hepatitis that’s acute infection that continues as chronic. Caused by exposure to blood of person already infected, from needles (drug addicts account for most of percentage). Not readily translated by sexual activity or by mother to fetus. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Antiviral drug treatment.

Answer 21

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Question 22

Hepatitis that’s secondary infection of mutated virus that develops only in patients who already have Hep. B

Answer 22

Hepatitis D (Delta Hepatitis)

Question 23

Hepatitis similar to hepatitis A, but rarely occurs in USA.

Answer 23

Hepatitis E

Question 24

Enlargement of liver due to damage from cirrhosis, hepatitis, or cancer.

Answer 24

Hematomegaly

Question 25

Enlargement of both liver and spleen

Answer 25

Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 26

Yellowish discolouration of skin and white of eyes. From increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin in blood.

Answer 26

Jaundice

Question 27

Gallstones obstructing flow of bile in the bile ducts

Answer 27

Obstructive jaundice

Question 28

Produced when old red blood cells are broken down by the spleen. This is unconjugated. The liver conjugulates (joins) it to make bile.

Answer 28

Bilirubin

Question 29

Liver cancer

Answer 29

Hepatoma or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Question 30

Acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts because of cirrhosis or gallstones.

Answer 30

Cholangitis

Question 31

Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder when a large gallstone blocks the cystic duct of the gallbladder.

Answer 31

Cholecystitis

Question 32

One or more gallstones in the gallbladder. It can cause mild symptoms or severe biliary colic when the gallbladder contract or a gallstone becomes lodged in a bile duct.

Answer 32

Cholelithiasis

Question 33

Occurs when a gallstone becomes lodged in the common bile duct.

Answer 33

Choledocholithiasis

Question 34

Cancerous tumor of the pancreas

Answer 34

Pancreatic cancer

Question 35

Inflammation or infection of the pancreas. Occurs when a gallstone blocks the lower common bile duct and pancreatic enzymes back up into the pancreas. Or by chronic alcoholism.

Answer 35

Pancreatitis