Chap 3 - Gastrointestinal Diagnostic Procedures

Question 0

Blood test for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase that’s found in both liver cells and bone cells. Elevated blood levels suggest the presence of liver disease or bone cancer.

Answer 0

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 1

Blood test for albumin, the major protein molecule in the blood produced by the liver. Liver disease causes albumin levels to be low.

Answer 1

Albumin

Question 2

Blood test for the enzyme Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase. These enzymes are mainly found in the liver. Formerly known as SGPT and SGOT

Answer 2

ALT and AST

Question 3

Blood test for unconjugated, conjugated, and total bilirubin levels. These levels are abnormal when there’s liver disease or gallstones.

Answer 3

Bilirubin

Question 4

Also known as direct bilirubin because it reacts directly with the reagent used to perform the laboratory test.

Answer 4

Conjugated bilirubin

Question 5

Also known as Indirect bilirubin because it only reacts when another substance is added to the reagent.

Answer 5

Indirect bilirubin

Question 6

Blood test for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Elevated blood levels mean damaged liver cells released this enzyme into the blood. Also known as GGTP

Answer 6

GGT

Question 7

Panel of individual blood tests performed at the same time to give a comprehensive picture of liver function. Includes albumin, bilirubin, ALT, AST, GGT, and prothrombin time.

Answer 7

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Question 8

Rapid screening test to detect the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Stands for Campylobacter-like organism

Answer 8

CLO test

Question 9

Diagnostic test to detect occult blood in the feces. A sample of feces is placed on paper and mixed with the chemical reagent guaiac.

Answer 9

Fecal Occult Blood Test

Question 10

Diagnostic test to determine the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. An NG tube is inserted and gastric juice sample collected.

Answer 10

Gastric analysis

Question 11

Diagnostic test to determine if there is a parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 11

Ova and Parasites (O&P)

Question 12

Diagnostic test that determines which bacterium is causing an intestinal infection and which antibiotic drugs it is sensitive to.

Answer 12

Stool Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Question 13

Radiologic procedure that uses a liquid radio plaque contrast dye (barium) introduced through the rectum. Barium outlines and coats the walls of the rectum and colon and an x-Ray is taken. Used to identify polyps, diverticula, ulcerative colitis, and colon cancer.

Answer 13

Barium enema

Question 14

Radiologic procedure that uses a contrast die yo outline the bile ducts. And X-ray is taken to identify stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts or thickening of the gallbladder wall.

Answer 14

Cholangiography

Question 15

Cholangiogram where the contrast die is injected intravenously, and travels through the blood to the liver and is excreted with bile into the gallbladder.

Answer 15

Intravenous Cholangiography (IVC)

Question 16

Cholangiogram where a needle is passed through the abdominal wall, and the contrast dye is injected into the liver.

Answer 16

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)

Question 17

Cholangiogram where an endoscope is passed through the mouth and into the duodenum. A catheter is passed through the endoscope, and the contrast dye is injected into the lower end of the common bile duct. Pancreatic duct is also visualized.

Answer 17

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 18

Radiologic procedure that uses X-rays to create an image of many thin, successive slices of the abdomen and its organs.

Answer 18

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT, CT scan)

Question 19

Radiologic procedure that uses X-rays (without contrast dye). The patient lies flat on the X-ray table for a plain X-ray of the abdomen.

Answer 19

Flat Plate of the Abdomen

Question 20

Radiologic procedure that uses ultra high-frequency spun waves to create an image of the gallbladder. Used to identify gallstones and thickening of the gallbladder wall.

Answer 20

Gallbladder Ultrasound or Gallbladder Sonogram

Question 21

Radiologic procedure that uses a strong magnetic field to align protons in the atoms of the patient’s body. The protons emit signals to form images as thin, successive slices of the abdomen and its organs.

Answer 21

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scan)

Question 22

Radiologic procedure that uses tablets of radiopaque contrast dye taken orally. The dye is absorbed into the blood through intestine, travels to liver, and is excreted with bile into the gallbladder. An X-ray is taken to identify stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts or thickening of the gallbladder wall.

Answer 22

Oral Cholecystography (OCG) or Cholecystogram

Question 23

Radiologic procedure that uses a liquid radiopaque contrast dye that’s swallowed. The barium coats and outlines the walls of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. (Barium Swallow).

Answer 23

Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGI)

Question 24

Fluoroscopy (continuously moving x-Ray image on a screen) is used to follow the barium through the small intestine.

Answer 24

Small Bowel Follow-through