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HK 190 > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Cycle

A

where cells divide, and specialize

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2
Q

3 Phases of Cell Cycle

A
  • Mitosis phase
  • g1/ g2 phases
  • S phase
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3
Q

Mitosis

A
  • cell dives into 2 daughter cells

- division of somatic cells

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4
Q

g1 and g2 phase

A

cell growth and prep for mitosis

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5
Q

S phases

A

DNA replicated

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6
Q

Plasma Membrane Bilayer composed of:

A
  • phospholipids
  • cholesterol
  • proteins
  • glycoproteins & glycolipids
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7
Q

Lipid bilayer maintain an internal environment, that is separate from exterior of the cell =

A

selective permeability

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8
Q

Proteins can serve as:

A
  • anchors
  • receptors
  • channels
  • enzymes
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9
Q

Types of Membrane Proteins

A
  • Ion channel
  • Carrier
  • Receptor
  • Enzyme
  • Linker
  • Cell identity
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10
Q

Ion Channel protein

A

Allows specific ions to move through water-filled pore

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11
Q

Carrier protein

A

transports substances across membrane by changing shape

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12
Q

Receptor protein

A

alters cell function

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13
Q

Enzyme protein

A

catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell

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14
Q

Linker proteins

A

Anchors filaments providing structural stability and shape for cell

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15
Q

4 modes of transport through membrane

A

Diffusion, Filtration, Carrier-mediated transport, vesicular transport

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16
Q
  1. Diffusion (passive = no ATP required)
A
  • movement of ions across mebrane

- lipid-soluble

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17
Q

Osmosis (passive)

A

-movement of water across membrane

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18
Q
  1. Filtration (passive)
A

hydrostatic pressure forces water/ small molecules across membrane

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19
Q
  1. Carrier-mediated transport (passive)
A

a) facilitated diffusion
b) primary active transport
c) secondary active transport

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20
Q

a) facilitated diffusion (passive)

A
  • movement of molecules down concentration gradient
  • requires transporter for movement across plasma membrane
  • transport rate = # of transporters
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21
Q

b) primary active transport (active)

A
  • movement of molecules across membrane

- low to high concentation

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22
Q

c) secondary active trasport (active)

A
  • Na+/ K+ pump used to trasfer molecules

- ATP used secondary

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23
Q
  1. Vesicle Trasport
A
  • Endocytosis:
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Exocytosis
24
Q

Endocytosis

A

process of transporting subtances across plasma membrance via vesicle

25
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating” (type of endocytosis)

26
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking” (type of endocytosis)

27
Q

Exocytosis

A

subtance exported out of cell via vesicle

28
Q

Cytoplasm consits of:

A
  • cytosol
  • organelles
  • inclusions
29
Q

Cytoskeleton consists of:

A
  • microfilaments

- microtubules

30
Q

Microvilli

A

increases cells surface are by:

  • abosorption of nutrients
  • collecting sound waves
  • taste/ smell receptors
31
Q

Cilia

A
  • Movement

- made of microtubules

32
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • synthesis: proteins, carbs, lipids
  • storage
  • transport
  • detox
33
Q

Golgi Body/ Apparatus

A

processes/ packages proteins and lipids

34
Q

Lysosomes

A

digest

35
Q

Secretory vesicles

A

horomones and proteins for export

36
Q

Membrane renewal vesicles

A

lipids and proteins for membrane repair

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

synthesize and release new proteins

38
Q

Rough ER

A
  • modifies/ folds proteins

- manufactures phopholipids

39
Q

Smooth ER

A

sythesizes lipids

40
Q

Nucleus - largest organelle - CONTAINS

A
  • DNA
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nuclear lamina -> supports shape
  • nuclear poles -> allows diffusion of small molecules
  • nucleolus -> ribosome synthesis
41
Q

DNA replication occurs in what phase

A

S phase

42
Q

DNA polymerase joins ____ together in the 5’ and 3’ direction

A

nucleotides

43
Q

Nuclues Primary Function

A

store and express our genetic info.

44
Q

Transcription

A

DNA is transcribed into mRNA

45
Q

Translation

A

mRNA translated into protein

46
Q

3 phases of translation

A
  • Initation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
47
Q

Initation

A

ribsome assembles around mRNA and 1st tRNA attaches

48
Q

Elongation

A
  • 2nd tRNA binds to next codon

- 1st tRNA transfers an amino acid to the amino acid on 2nd tRNA

49
Q

Termination

A

when a stop codon is reached, ribosome releases polypeptide

50
Q

Proteins

A
  • basic structural material of body

- made up of amino acids

51
Q

Amino Acids

A

linked ‘head-to-tail’ by peptide bond = polypeptides + proteins

52
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

DNA —transcription–> RNA —-translation—>Protein

53
Q

20 amino acids =

A

complete protein

54
Q

Nitrogen balance

A
  • nitrogen enters body via amino acids

- leaves body via urea in urine

55
Q

Synthesizing greater amounts of protein =

A

positive nitrogen balance

56
Q

Breaking down greater amounts of protein =

A

negative nitrogen balance

HK 190 (12 decks)

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