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HK 190 > Chap 2 > Flashcards

Chap 2 Flashcards

1
Q

90% of our bodies are composed of

A

H,O,C,N

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2
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

electrons are gained or lost

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3
Q

Cation

A

loses electron, POSITVE

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4
Q

Anion

A

gains electron, NEGATIVE

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5
Q

Unstable Free Radicals

A

can disrupt nearby molecules leading to loss of function and perhaps cellular damage

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6
Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms bonded together

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7
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of both solutes and solvents

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8
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.4

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical/ energy transformations in the body

-coverts food/ beverages into energy

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10
Q

Catabolism

A

chemical breakdown of substances into smaller ones, usually to form unstable energy

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11
Q

Anabolism

A

synthesis of more complex substances, uses energy

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12
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • contain C, O, H is fixed proportion
  • commonly found in body as hexoses and pentoses
  • found in monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple Sugars

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14
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

loss of water __ + ___ –> ___ + H2O

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15
Q

Hydrolysis

A

gain of water

- __ + H2O –> __ + __

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16
Q

Lipids

A

Divided into 3 general classes : Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids

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17
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • fat storage,
  • composed of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains
  • insulate, cushion and protect vital organs
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18
Q

Phospholipids

A

has polar and non-polar ends, polar head non-polar tails

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19
Q

Steroids

A

composed of linked hydrocarbon rings, most important: cholesterol (produced by SER)(important part of cell membranes)

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20
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

Energy gained

Photosynthesis

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21
Q

Exergonic Reaction

A

Energy lost

Cellular Respiration

22
Q

Polar

A

+/- poles

- highly soluble in water

23
Q

Nonpolar

A

insoluble in water

24
Q

Water is polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

25
Q

Water!

A
  • Solvent
  • Lubricant
  • Cohesion
  • High Heat Capacity
  • Heat vaporization is high
  • Required for Catabolism
26
Q

Catabolism

A

can chemically break down molecules (nutreints)

27
Q

Substance from food that is used by the body for its life functions
ex. growth, movement, respiration

A

Nutrient

28
Q

Nutrients provide …

A

energy

29
Q

Classes of nutrients

A 
MAJOR
-Carbs
-proteins 
NOT SO MAJOR
-Lipids
-Vitamins
-Minerals
-Water
30
Q

Plants

A

Starch, sucrose, cellulose

31
Q

Animals

A

Glycogen, lactose

32
Q

Carbs must be broken down into ____ to be absorbed

A

monosaccharides

33
Q

Reduced Carb intake =

A
  • increased protein and fat metabolism,

- loss of protein mass

34
Q

Excess Carb leads to

A

obesity and elevated blood lipid lvl

35
Q

Saturated

A
  • no double bonds
  • animal sources
  • solid at room temp
36
Q

Unsaturated

A
  • double bond
  • plant sources
  • liquid at room temp
37
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

-muliple double bond

38
Q

Glycerol

A

molecule consisted of 3 carbon atoms

39
Q

Fatty Acids

A
  • long carbon chains with bound H atom

- carboxylic tail which gives chain its acid properties

40
Q

Alpha helices is an example of ?

A

Secondary structure

41
Q

What holds 2 strands of a DNA molecule together?

A

hydrogen bonding btwn opposing nitogeneuos bases

42
Q

Manganese is a ____ element of the human body

A

trace

43
Q

Primary structure

A

sequence of amino acids boned together in a linear chain

44
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Results from bonds btwn atoms at differnent parts of polypeptide chain

45
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

primarily from interactions btwn the polypeptide chain and the surrounding water molecules

46
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

interaction btwn individual polypeptide chain to form a protein complex

47
Q

Enzymes

A

promote chemical reactions by lowering activation energy requirements

48
Q

Are enzymes catalysts?

A

YES

49
Q

Nucliec Acids

A

storage ans transfer info

-composed of C, H, O, N, P

50
Q

Formation of ATP begins with

A

adenosine

HK 190 (12 decks)

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