Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HK 190 > Chap 11 > Flashcards

Chap 11 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PNS

A

nerves outside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensory (Afferent)

A

convey impulses to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motor (Efferent)

A

-convey impulses from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Motor nerves can either be…

A

voluntary or involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurons

A

excitable cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neuroglia = glial cells

A

supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensory neurons carries signal to

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Motor neurons carries signals from the

A

CNS to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Astrocyte

A
  • supporting neurons by anchoring

- maintain blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytes that consume debris, bacteria and dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ependymal cells

A

epithelial cells that line brain and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate CNS axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Satellite cell

A
  • surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
  • regulate O2 and CO2
  • protect and cushion PNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schwann Cells

A
  • surround all axons in PNS

- myelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of Myelin

A

increases impulse propagation rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Satellite Cells and Schwann cells are part of what NS

A

Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes and Microglia are part of what NS

A

Central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ganglion

A

a collection of neural cell bodies inside PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nuclei

A

a collection of neural cell bodies inside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cells can direct the regrowth of severed axons?

Schwann or Oligodendrocytes

A

Schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Potential difference or electrochemical gradient is a

A

cell at rest

23
Q

If a cell is left undisturbed it will maintain a ____ indefinitely.

A

resting membrane potential

24
Q

How do ions cross cell membrane without ATP

A
  1. Leakage Channels
    - leak either Na or K
  2. Gated Channels
    - voltage gated
    - chemical gated
    - mechanically gated
  3. Na/ K pump
    - pump 3 Na ions out, 2 K ions in for every ATP used
25
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

ions move both ways

26
Q

At rest most channels are closed except

A

Leakage channels

27
Q

If cell is left undisturbed, it will maintain resting membrane potential indefinitely, the cell would be said to be

A

polarized

28
Q

Factors that change the membrane potential from resting

A

change in permeability and ion concentrations

29
Q

Resting potential is

A
  • 70mV

- polarized

30
Q

Cell becomes more POSITIVE than resting potential (above -70mV)

A

Depolarized

31
Q

Cell becomes more NEGATIVE than resting potential (below -70mV)

A

hyperpolarized

32
Q

Depolarization can led to

A

graded potential and action potential

33
Q

Depolarization steps

A
  1. Membrane exposed to chemical that opens the Na ion channels
    - Na moves into cell
  2. Na ions spread creating a small depolarized area
34
Q

Graded Potential

A
  • used for short distance communication

- may cause depolarization or hyperpolarization

35
Q

Action Potential steps

A

resting state -70mV

  1. depolarization of threshold
  2. Na channels open and rapid depolarization
  3. Na channels close and K channels open
  4. return to normal permeability -70mV
36
Q

Action Potential =

A

all or none response

37
Q

What starts at the Initial Segment

A

Action potential

38
Q

What starts at the axon hillock

A

graded potential

39
Q

How is the action potential conducted without fading out like gradient potential?

A

AP is an all or none event

40
Q

Why does the conduction of AP along the axon only move in one direction?

A

the axon hillock does not have any voltage-gated Na channels

41
Q

In cells that are myelinated, the AP skips the internodes, and so travels rapidly from …

A

node to node

42
Q

Conduction in a myelinated neuron steps

A
  1. AP at initial segment
  2. Depolarization to threshold at node 1
  3. AP at node 1
  4. Depolarization to threshold at node 2
43
Q

Conduction Velocity depends on

A

-presence of myelin sheath
-axon diameter
(large diameter conducts faster)

44
Q

Types of Nerve fibers

A

Type A, B, C

45
Q

Type A

A
  • largest axons

- conduct sensory info from skin and instructions to skeletal muscle

46
Q

Type B

A

small, myelinated axons

47
Q

Type C

A

small, unmyelinated axons

48
Q

Function of B and C

A

transmit sensory info

49
Q

Electrical synapse

A
  • direct ion flow

- very fast

50
Q

Chemical Synapse

A

-synthetic transmission

51
Q

Postsynaptic Potentials spread toward the

A

initial segment

52
Q

Temporal Summation

A

second depolarization occurs before recovery from first

53
Q

Spatial Summation

A

2 postsynaptic potentials occur at same time in diff places, effect increased

54
Q

Complex responses are built on synaptic interactions
(steps)
stimulation response

A
  1. Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor
  2. Activation of sensory neuron
  3. Info processing in CNS
  4. Activation of motor neuron
  5. Response by effector

HK 190 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions