Chap 28 (exam 3)

Question 1

Potent diuretics that act along the ascending limb of the loop of Henle; furosemide is an example

Answer 1

Loop diuretics

Question 2

Abbreviation for the term that describes a gauge of how well the kidneys are functioning as filters

Answer 2

GFR

Question 3

A general term for drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation

Answer 3

Diuretics

Question 4

The main structural unit of the kidney

Answer 4

Nephron

Question 5

Part of the kidney structure located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Answer 5

Loop of Henle

Question 6

Diuretics that result in the diuresis of sodium and water and the retention of potassium; spironolactone is an example

Answer 6

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 7

Diuretics that act on the distal convoluted tubule, where they inhibit sodium and water resorption; hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is an example

Answer 7

Thiazides

Question 8

Abbreviation for a class of diuretics that inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase; acetazolamide is an example

Answer 8

CAIs

Question 9

Drugs that induce diuresis by increasing the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, which results in rapid diuresis; mannitol is an example

Answer 9

Osmotic diuretics

Question 10

An abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid

Answer 10

Ascites

Question 11

Which are indications for the use of diuretics? Select all that apply:
To increase urine output
To reduce uric acid levels
To treat hypertension
To treat open-angle glaucoma
To treat edema associated with heart failure

Answer 11

To increase urine output
To treat hypertension
To treat open-angle glaucoma
To treat edema associated with heart failure

Question 12

When providing patient teaching to a patient who is taking a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone (Aldactone), the nurse will include which dietary guidelines?
There are no dietary restrictions with this medication
The patient needs to consume foods high in potassium, such as bananas and orange juice
The patient needs to avoid excessive intake of foods high in potassium
The patient needs to drink 1-2 L of fluid per day

Answer 12

The patient needs to avoid excessive intake of foods high in potassium

Question 13

When teaching a patient about diuretic therpay, which would the nurse indicate as the best time of day to take these medications?
Morning
Midday
Bedtime
Time of day does not matter

Answer 13

Morning

Question 14

When monitoring a patient for hypokalemia related to diuretic use, the nurse looks for which possible symptoms?
Nausea, vomiting and anorexia
Diarrhea and abdominal pain
Orthostatic hypotension
Muscle weakness and lethargy

Answer 14

Muscle weakness and lethargy

Question 15

A patient with severe heart failure has been started on therapy with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), but the nurse mentions that this medication may be stopped in a few days. What is the reason for this short treatment?
CAIs are not the first choice for treatment of heart failure
Metabolic acidosis develops in 2-4 days after therapy is started
It is expected that CAIs will dramatically reduce the fluid overload related to heart failure
Allergic reactions to CAIs are common

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis develops in 2-4 days after therapy is started

Question 16

A patient has a new order for daily doses of spironolactone (Aldactone). Which condition, if present, may be a contraindication to this drug therapy? Select all that apply:
Heart failure
Renal failure
Diabetes mellitus
Deep vein thrombosis
Hyperkalemia

Answer 16

Renal failure

Hyperkalemia