Chap 20.4 - Cultural Life Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Romanticism?
- Interest in the past, the exotic and unfamiliar; Gothic literature.
- Poetry was the direct expression of the soul
- Love of nature
How was this a New Age of Science?
Scientific method
Increasing secularization
Organic evolution; natural selection - Darwin
What was Realism in literature and art?
- Rejected Romanticism
- Ordinary characters from actual life
- Close observation and precise description
- Novels rather than poems
- In art, portrays of everyday life
What was the major art movement at turn of the 20th century
IMPRESSIONISM
Opposite to realism
Fleeting moments; use of light and color (1867 - 1886)
Degas - 1873
Monet - 1872
What was the other art movement after Impressionism?
POST - IMPRESSIONISM
- 1880 - 1900: marks the turning point; art becomes abstract and non-representational
- Artists don’t want to depict visual fact anymore - turmoil, emotions, and imagination, psychological reality
- Still life with Apples; Cezanne/Starry Starry Night - Vincent Van Gogh
What was the other great Art movement of the 20th century?
EXPRESSIONISM
Forms of expressionism: symbolism, cubism, fauvism,
What is Expressionism?
- A style of art in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to express the inner state of the artist.
- Avant garde movement - rejects mass culture and uniformity of industrialism
- Accept nothing as absolute, rational or traditional - a rebellion or mocking of bourgeoisie culture/middle class
How did Art reflect the times?
Symbolism and Psychology
Before: scientist thought that the mind was rational, logical - even the unconscious mind.
How did FREUD ideas differ from the past?
- Developed psychoanalysis - the study of dreams to unlock the workings of the unconscious.
- To help people with hysteria, anxiety.
- ID vs EGO vs Superego
- ID irrational unconscious driven by the id - driven by sexual, aggressive and pleasure seeking motives
- EGO - rational conscious
- Superego - which is moral and value driven
What was CUBISM?
The essence of objects can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously
PABLO PICASSO -
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
5 naked prostitutes in a brothel
Seductive and eortic poses
First eroticism painting
What was the impact of DARWIN?
Social Darwinism and racism
Darwin theories applied to achieve other ends.
What was Social Darwinism?
Social Darwinism - societies were organisms that evolved from a struggle with their environment.
Ideas used in a radical way by nationalists and racists
What is Anti-Semitism
Hatred of the Jews
Long history in European civilization
Jewish nationalist movement called ZIONISM
