Chap 19.2 - Great Britain Flashcards
1
Q
Great Britain in 1800s was known as The __________ Age
A
The Victorian Age
because of Queen Victoria’s long reign
2
Q
What was the Reform Bill of 1832?
A
- Lowered the monetary voting requirements for voting - industrial middle class included.
- Liberals challenged old aristocratic, conservative order
- Gave industrial cities representation.
- Also gave voting rights to middle-class men who owned certain amount of property
3
Q
What was the Sadler Act (Factory Act)?
A
- One member investigated treatment of children in Britain’s textile factories.
- Michael Sadler showed harmful conditions endured by child workers.
- Report noted physican mistreatment, long hours, low wages
4
Q
What was reaction to the Sadler report?
A
- As a result of Sadler’s reports, Parliament passed Factory Act, 1833
- Act limited working hours of children in textile factories, made it illegal for teenagers to work more than 12 hours per day.
- Children between ages 9 and 13 had to receive 2 hours schooling per day
5
Q
What was CHARTISM
A
Everyone wants to VOTE
- 1839, group called Chartists worked for voting rights for all men.
- Name from People’s Charter, petition sent to Parliament demanding voting rights, secret ballot, annual elections, pay for representatives in Parliament
6
Q
Who were Prime Ministers
Gladstone and Disraeli
A
- 1868 - 1885, two influential prime ministers (Gladstone and Disraeli) elected several times.
- Gladstone, Liberal party, took more progressive approach to solving society’s problems. Wants change.
- Disraeli, Conservative party, wanted to preserve traditions of past. Disraeli put forward new reform bill to extend voting rights to more working men; passed 1867. Another law created the secret ballot; discouraged bribery, intimidation.
7
Q
What were Women’s Social and Political Union
A
- Ealry 1900s, women grew more frustrated with slow pace of suffrage movement (suffrage = women get to vote).
- Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) said “You have to make more noise than anybody else”
- Government continued to ignore issue of women’s suffrage.
- WSPU adopted destructive tactics. Many suffragists went to prison.
- 1918 - Parliament granted vote to women over age 30. By 1928 voting rights for British women were on the same basis as British men.
8
Q
List some of the British Reforms during the Victorian Age
A
- British Parliament passed a series of reforms that gave more rights and freedom to its citizens.
- Reform Act of 1832 - equal representation in Parliament.
- Abolition of Slavery 1833 - abolished slavery
- Factory Acts of 1833 & 1839 - limited working hours of women and children in factories
- People’s Charter 1839 - voting rights for all men and voting by secret ballot
- Voting Reforms 1867 - 1885: gave more men of all classes voting rights.
- Women’s Suffrage 1918-1928 - women over 30 got right to vote; all women can vote by 1929
9
Q
What was happening in Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand during Victorian Age?
A
People in these places took steps to rule themselves.
10
Q
How did Ireland try to rule themselves?
A
- 1801 - Ireland joined United Kingdom.
- Some Irish hated British rulers, particularly British landlords who had power to evict Irish farmers.
- Policies created to help British industry hurt Irish agriculture.
11
Q
What was effect of Potato Famine in Ireland?
A
- Mid-1800s, potato crop failed several times, left many with no food, no income.
- Potatoes were Irish peasants’ main food source. Famine swept Ireland.
- Without money to pay rent, many evicted from homes.
- About 1 million people starved. Another 1.5 million emigrated - many to the United States.
12
Q
How did Australia get populated?
A
Australia started from British sending convicts (prisoners)
