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Modern World-Notes > Chap 19.3 - Growth of Nationalism > Flashcards

Chap 19.3 - Growth of Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

What was purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Restore peace and stability to Europe

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2
Q

Who were the negotiators?

A

700 attended. Most powerful: Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, France

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3
Q

How did they redraw the map?

Give 3 ways

A
  • Strengthen countries bordering France
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands, German Confederation
  • France had to pay indemnity
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4
Q

Where was monarchy restored?

A

Spain, Sicily, Portugal, Sardenia

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5
Q

What were the forces for change

A

Opposing forces: liberalism and nationalism

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6
Q

Who was Metternich?

What were the 4 things he was known for?

A
  • Reactionary ideals - oppose progress and want to return to old ideals
  • Believed in absolute monarchy
  • Legitimacy
  • Conservative ideals silenced the liberal ideals of the revolution
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7
Q

What were the failures of the Revolution’s legacy? Give 3

A

Failures:

  • Monarchs are back, ruling Europe
  • Citizen rights restricted
  • Nobles privileged again
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8
Q

What were the successes of the Revolution’s legacy?

A

Enlightment ideals would never go away

Would continue to inspire revolutions around the world

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9
Q

Who were the 2 rulers in France after the Revolution?

How did they rule?

A

Louis XVIII dies (had a constitution and a legislature - most power with the king)

Charles X becomes king - absolute monarch, suspended the power of the legislature

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10
Q

What did Louis XVIII and Charles X lead to?

A

Led to the Revolution of 1830.

Charles X abdicated (step down).

People didn’t like absolute rule.

Had to step down to keep peace

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11
Q

Who became King after 1830 Revolution?

A

Louis Philippe chosen as king.

Constitutional monarchy.

Louis was an aristocrat; “citizen king”

Over time, he was less democratic; became repressive

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12
Q

What did reign of Louis Philippe lead to?

A

Led to the Revolution of 1848.

French government banned a reformer banquet.

Led to revolution and the abdication of Louis Philippe

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13
Q

What happened in France after Louis Philippe?

A

Formed a new republic.

Voters elected Napoleon’s nephew, Louis Napoleon

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14
Q

What was The Second Republic?

A

Louis Napoleon - president.

All adult French men had the right to vote.

1851 - Louis Napoleon wanted to rule longer.

  • Arrested opposition
  • Called for a nationa lvote to create a new constitution.
  • French people elected him emperor Napolean III
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15
Q

What was The Second Empire under Napolean III?

A

Made some reforms - increased voting rights.

Absolute ruler.

1870 Franco Prussian War

  • Napolean III captured and surrendered to the Prussians
  • French assembly deposed Napoleon
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16
Q

How did this lead to the Third Republic?

A

1882 - primary education ages 6 - 13

Trade unions legalized in 1900; reduced working hours

17
Q

How did “nationalism thtreatens old empires” in Austria?

A

In Austria, Prince Metternich led Congress of Vienna.

Oldest empire in Europe.

18
Q

What was the Carlsbad Decrees?

A

Prohibited reforms

Censorship of newspaper

Created a secret police.

Led to Revolution of 1848

19
Q

What happened in Austria after Revolution of 1848?

A

Metternich fled

Emperor Ferdinand stepped down because associated with Metternich.

Franz Joseph I (nephew) steps up

20
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire - The Eastern Question?

A

Known as “sick/dying man of Europe”

21
Q

What was the rise of multinational empire?

What did these groups want?

A

Ethnic groups - Bohemia, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukrainians, Northern Italians.

Each pressed for independence

Serbs - wanted autonomy

22
Q

What did the Europeans want to do with the Ottoman Empire?

A

Europeans wanted to divide up Ottoman lands

Saw land as strategic location

23
Q

What was the powder keg of Europe?

A

Balkan Wars

Why? Nationalism created conflict.

24
Q

What was “the Young Turks”

A

1908 nationalist group

became Turkey

25
Q

What happened in Crimean War (1853 - 1856)

A

Poorly planned and poorly fought

Destroyed the Concert of Europe

Austria and Russia now enemies

Russia and Great Britain withdrew from continental European affairs

(2 years) ended in stalemate - 500,000 deaths

26
Q

What was the main reason for the Crimean War?

A

Trouble spot because of so many ethnic groups.

European powers were competing for influence over region.

Everyone realized Russia was very behind

27
Q

What was happening in the Balkans?

What did the European powers want?

A

LAND

1830 - Greeks gain independence from Balkans

European power sought to divide Ottoman land for themselves.

Russia pushed south toward Istanbul and Black Sea

Austria & Hungary took Bosnia Herzegovina (upsetting Serbs)

Britain & France also wanted land

28
Q

What started World War I?

A

Assisination of Franz Ferdinand started WWI

Germany also caused WWI

29
Q

What does Nationalism mean?

What are the 5 elements of Nationalism?

A
  1. Culture - shared beliefs and a way of life created a common bond
  2. History - a shared past connects people as a group
  3. Religion - a common religion helps unite people
  4. Language - a common language is a key element of nationlism
  5. Territory - a shared land gives people a sense of unity
30
Q

What were the obstacles to Italian unity?

A
  1. Stratified. “Stratified” = formed or arranged into categories.
  2. Napoleon
  3. Congress of Vienna

Austria in North, Hapsburg, French in Naples and Sicily

31
Q

What was Mazzini’s Young Italy?

A
  • Giuseppe Mazzini plots
  • Goal - to constitute Italy as one free, independent, republican nation
  • 1849 - helped set up a revolutionary republic in Rome - French forces soon toppled
  • Lived most of his life in exile
32
Q

What was happening in Sardinia around 1849?

A

1849 - Sardinia - Italian Nationalist movement

King Victor Emmanuel II hoped to join other states to his own

Count Camillo Cavour - Prime Minister

  • Edited II Risorgimento
  • Believed in realpolitik
  • Improved Sardinia’s economy - encouraged commerce by supporting free trade.
  • Long term goal: expel Austrian power from Italy and adds Lombardy and Venetia to Sardinia

Modern World-Notes (12 decks)

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