Chap 19.3 - Growth of Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

What was purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Restore peace and stability to Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who were the negotiators?

A

700 attended. Most powerful: Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did they redraw the map?

Give 3 ways

A
  • Strengthen countries bordering France
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands, German Confederation
  • France had to pay indemnity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where was monarchy restored?

A

Spain, Sicily, Portugal, Sardenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the forces for change

A

Opposing forces: liberalism and nationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who was Metternich?

What were the 4 things he was known for?

A
  • Reactionary ideals - oppose progress and want to return to old ideals
  • Believed in absolute monarchy
  • Legitimacy
  • Conservative ideals silenced the liberal ideals of the revolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the failures of the Revolution’s legacy? Give 3

A

Failures:

  • Monarchs are back, ruling Europe
  • Citizen rights restricted
  • Nobles privileged again
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the successes of the Revolution’s legacy?

A

Enlightment ideals would never go away

Would continue to inspire revolutions around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who were the 2 rulers in France after the Revolution?

How did they rule?

A

Louis XVIII dies (had a constitution and a legislature - most power with the king)

Charles X becomes king - absolute monarch, suspended the power of the legislature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Louis XVIII and Charles X lead to?

A

Led to the Revolution of 1830.

Charles X abdicated (step down).

People didn’t like absolute rule.

Had to step down to keep peace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who became King after 1830 Revolution?

A

Louis Philippe chosen as king.

Constitutional monarchy.

Louis was an aristocrat; “citizen king”

Over time, he was less democratic; became repressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did reign of Louis Philippe lead to?

A

Led to the Revolution of 1848.

French government banned a reformer banquet.

Led to revolution and the abdication of Louis Philippe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happened in France after Louis Philippe?

A

Formed a new republic.

Voters elected Napoleon’s nephew, Louis Napoleon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was The Second Republic?

A

Louis Napoleon - president.

All adult French men had the right to vote.

1851 - Louis Napoleon wanted to rule longer.

  • Arrested opposition
  • Called for a nationa lvote to create a new constitution.
  • French people elected him emperor Napolean III
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was The Second Empire under Napolean III?

A

Made some reforms - increased voting rights.

Absolute ruler.

1870 Franco Prussian War

  • Napolean III captured and surrendered to the Prussians
  • French assembly deposed Napoleon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did this lead to the Third Republic?

A

1882 - primary education ages 6 - 13

Trade unions legalized in 1900; reduced working hours

17
Q

How did “nationalism thtreatens old empires” in Austria?

A

In Austria, Prince Metternich led Congress of Vienna.

Oldest empire in Europe.

18
Q

What was the Carlsbad Decrees?

A

Prohibited reforms

Censorship of newspaper

Created a secret police.

Led to Revolution of 1848

19
Q

What happened in Austria after Revolution of 1848?

A

Metternich fled

Emperor Ferdinand stepped down because associated with Metternich.

Franz Joseph I (nephew) steps up

20
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire - The Eastern Question?

A

Known as “sick/dying man of Europe”

21
Q

What was the rise of multinational empire?

What did these groups want?

A

Ethnic groups - Bohemia, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukrainians, Northern Italians.

Each pressed for independence

Serbs - wanted autonomy

22
Q

What did the Europeans want to do with the Ottoman Empire?

A

Europeans wanted to divide up Ottoman lands

Saw land as strategic location

23
Q

What was the powder keg of Europe?

A

Balkan Wars

Why? Nationalism created conflict.

24
Q

What was “the Young Turks”

A

1908 nationalist group

became Turkey

25
What happened in Crimean War (1853 - 1856)
Poorly planned and poorly fought Destroyed the Concert of Europe Austria and Russia now enemies Russia and Great Britain withdrew from continental European affairs (2 years) ended in stalemate - 500,000 deaths
26
What was the main reason for the Crimean War?
Trouble spot because of so many ethnic groups. European powers were competing for influence over region. Everyone realized Russia was very behind
27
What was happening in the Balkans? What did the European powers want?
**LAND** 1830 - Greeks gain independence from Balkans European power sought to divide Ottoman land for themselves. Russia pushed south toward Istanbul and Black Sea Austria & Hungary took Bosnia Herzegovina (upsetting Serbs) Britain & France also wanted land
28
What started World War I?
Assisination of Franz Ferdinand started WWI Germany also caused WWI
29
What does Nationalism mean? What are the 5 elements of Nationalism?
1. **Culture** - shared beliefs and a way of life created a common bond 2. **History** - a shared past connects people as a group 3. **Religion** - a common religion helps unite people 4. **Language** - a common language is a key element of nationlism 5. **Territory** - a shared land gives people a sense of unity
30
What were the obstacles to Italian unity?
1. Stratified. "Stratified" = formed or arranged into categories. 2. Napoleon 3. Congress of Vienna Austria in North, Hapsburg, French in Naples and Sicily
31
What was Mazzini's Young Italy?
* Giuseppe Mazzini plots * Goal - to constitute Italy as one free, independent, republican nation * 1849 - helped set up a revolutionary republic in Rome - French forces soon toppled * Lived most of his life in exile
32
What was happening in Sardinia around 1849?
1849 - Sardinia - Italian Nationalist movement King Victor Emmanuel II hoped to join other states to his own **Count Camillo Cavour -** Prime Minister * Edited II Risorgimento * Believed in realpolitik * Improved Sardinia's economy - encouraged commerce by supporting free trade. * Long term goal: expel Austrian power from Italy and adds Lombardy and Venetia to Sardinia