Chap 14 Notes

Question 1

Why was there drive to explore?

Answer 1

Wealth-desire expensive luxury goods such as spices, silk, perfume, jade from India and China, controlled by Italian merchants

Economic-trade routes-1453 Turks captured Constantinople

Fame and glory

Spread the Faith-Ferdinand and Isabella reformation and counter-reformation

Curiosity-Europes interest in reaching Asia by sea

Question 2

What were some of technologies used?

Answer 2

1. Compass-identify which direction was north (from Chinese)
2. Astrolabe-calculate location based on the location of the stars and moon (from Muslims)
3. Deep draft ships- capable of withstanding heavier waves and carry more supplies
4. The caravel-light fast sailing ships with rudder at the stern which makes ships very manueverable. They could be equiped with weapons/cannons. Ships mobile enough to sail against the wind and engage in naval warfare. Large enough to carry substantial goods.

Question 3

Route to India

Answer 3

In 1487 Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama rounded the cape and stopped at ports along the east coast of Africa. Then crossed Arabian Sea to arrive on Indian Coast

Question 4

Why was there a need to go to India?

Answer 4

Search for a source of spices

Question 5

Who seized Malacca and why?

Answer 5

Portuguese seized Malacca to control spice trade

Question 6

Spanish Empire: Why have colonies?

Answer 6

to provide raw material and to purchase spanish goods.

Question 7

Spanish Empire: Spain in Caribbean

Answer 7

Hispanola Cuba

Question 8

Spanish Empire: What is the encomienda system?

Answer 8

colonist given certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land for him

in exchange the colonist was required to teach the native workers about Christianity

Question 9

Spanish Empire: What of the effects of the encomienda system

Answer 9

disease

disastrous-overworking and mistreatment of workers

Question 10

Spanich Empire: Long term effects of colonization

Answer 10

econmic exploitation of natives

no self government

rigid social structure

religion spread-Catholic Church

Spanish language and customs spread

Question 11

Conquering New Spain

Answer 11

Conquest of Mexico, Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519conquistador native leaders who fought against native people. Had advantage of weapons and heavy armor, guns, horses, diseases, enemy trite. Conquered by 1521.

a. Montezuma II-Tenochtitlan-Aztec Capital
b. Advantages which Spanish had in conquering Aztecs.

Peru

a. Francisco Pizzaro
b. Incan empire already weakened by smallpox-even emperor killed
c. Atahualpa was new empreror
d. Francisco Pizzaro captured the emperor and demanded he accept Christianity
e. He reused and was killed - empire conquered.

Question 12

Spanish Empire: Viceroys

Answer 12

They ruled large areas of the new empire in the name of the king

Question 13

Spanish Empire: Economy

Answer 13

Based upon mining for gold and silver

Some farming

Question 14

Spanish Empire: Native Americans

Answer 14

90% natives died: 50 million to 4 million

Question 15

Spanish Empire: Resistance to Spanish

Answer 15

Bartolome de las Casas suggested African labor instead

Question 16

Portugues in Brazil: How did the Treaty of Toirdesillas limit the Portuguese empire?

Answer 16

In 1494 an imaginary line through the Atlantic was drawn. Everything to the west of the line would belong to Spain.

Everything east of the line would be Portuguese-Brazil

Question 17

Portuguese in Brazil: When did the Portuguese colonists begin to settle Brazil

Answer 17

1530s

Question 18

Portuguese in Brazil: How was Brazil settled?

Answer 18

with huge farming estates

Question 19

French Colonies: New France Economy

Answer 19

fish, furs (fox, lynx, otters, …)

Question 20

French Colonies: Relationship with Native Americans

Answer 20

didn’t enslave, became allies, intermarried

Question 21

French Colonies: Samuel de Champlain

Answer 21

founded Quebec in 1608

Question 22

Frech Colonies: La Salle

Answer 22

Mississippi River to Louisana (Louis XIV)

Question 23

Dutch Colonies

Answer 23

New Netherland, New Amsterdam-New York

small and did not grow

Question 24

English Colonies: When was Jamestown founded

Answer 24

1607

Question 25

English Colonies: Jamestown-what happened to settlers?

Answer 25

80% died during first winter

Question 26

English Colonies: Pilgrims: When and where did the settle?

Answer 26

1620 Plymouth Massachusetts

Question 27

English Colonies: Pilgrims: Rleationship with Native Americans

Answer 27

desscribe

Question 28

When and what was French and Indian war?

Answer 28

1754-1763 England gets most of North America

Question 29

Slave trade

Answer 29

Sugar in Caribbean-16th century led to slave trade from Africa to the new World

225,000 enslaved Africans were sent to other countries during the 16th century with 2/3 to the Americas

Middle passage: 2nd part of the triangular trade

Question 30

Atlantic slave trade

Answer 30

part of tringular trade

1525-1866 12.5 million Africans shipped to New World

Approximately 10.7 million survived

388,000 taken to colonies in present day US

Portuguese, British, French, Spanish, and Dutch were main Atlantic slave traders

Question 31

Southeast Asia Spice Trade

Answer 31

• The arrival of the West
  
  • Portuguese, Dutch, English, French scrambled for the spice trade
  • Dutch elbowed their rivals out
  • Europeans’ arrival had less impact on the Indian subcontinent and on mainland southeast Asia
  • Europeans powers intervened in local politics for ploitical and commercial advantage
  • State and society in precolonial southeast Asia
    
    • Religion and kingship
      
      • Both Buddhism and Islamwere well established
      • Political systems evolved into 4 main types: Buddhist kings, Javanese kings, Islamic sultans, and vietnamese emperor