Changes to anatomy and physiology in pregnancy including TOG - exercise in Pregnancy Flashcards
How much does cardiac output increase by?
30-50%
How much does plasma volume increase by?
45-50%
RBC volume increases by…?
20-30%
Rate of blood flow to the uterus at term?
500-800ml/min
Ie 10% cardiac output
Which clotting factors increase in pregnancy?
Fibrinogen, VII, VIII, IX, X, thrombin
vWF
Which anticoagulants decrease in pregnancy?
Lower levels of functional Protein S
Complement C4b
Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1
Which clotting factors remain the same in pregnancy?
Protein C and Antithrombin III
How much does cardiac output increase by in pregnancy?
50%
How much does stroke volume increase by in pregnancy?
30% (10% by end of T1)
How much does heart rate increase by in pregnancy?
15%
15-20bpm
How much does systemic vascular resistance fall by?
15%
How much does minute volume increase by in pregnancy?
50%
How much does tidal volume increase by in pregnancy?
40%
How much does respiratory rate increase by in pregnancy?
10%
What happens to functional residual capacity, end respiratory volume and residual volume?
All decrease by 20%
What happens to O2 consumption?
Increases by 20%
How much does basal metabolic rate increase by in pregnancy?
15-20%
What is the average normal weight gain for pregnancy?
11-12kg
How much does GFR increase by up to 16/40?
150%
What causes the decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and increase in plasma volume?
Activation of renin-angiotensis system
Mild reduction of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide
At what gestation does blood volume plateau?
32/40
Why is there an increase in cardiac output and at what gestation does it plateau?
Increase in stroke volume, then increase in heart rate
Plateaus at 25/40
By how much does cardiac output increase with each contraction and how much volume returns to the circulation in this time?
50%
300-400ml blood transfers back to circulation
How much uterine blood returns to the maternal circulation during the 3rd stage of labour?
500ml
At how many weeks is there a return to pre-pregnancy cardiac output, blood volume and peripheral resistance?
4-12 weeks
Natriuresis and diuresis within 48 hours
How long postpartum is it before clotting factors return back to normal?
8/52 - hence increased risk VTE PP
What % of pregnant women exercise at the recommended level?
15%
How much does MAP alter in pregnancy?
Decreases by 5-10mmHg by mid T2 then back to pre-pregnancy levels (development of uteroplacental circulation)
By how much does nutritional requirement change in pregnancy?
Extra 300 kcal end of T1
