CHAMPAGNE & SPARKLING WINES Flashcards
What is the climate of Champagne?
Cool-Continental
What is the soil of Champagne?
Chalk and Limestone
What are the main grapes of Champagne?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Meunier
What are the secondary grapes of Champagne?
Arbanne
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
What are the 5 areas/sub-districts of Champagne?
1) Montagne de Reims
2) Vallée de la Marne
3) Côte des Blancs
4) Côte des Sezanne
5) Côte des Bar (Aube)
What rivers flows through Champagne?
- Vesle (North)
- Marne (Vallée de la Marne)
What are the styles of Champagne?
- Blanc de Blancs
- Blanc de Noirs
- Rosé
- Cuvée de Prestige
What are some examples of wines made in the style of Méthode Champenoise?
- Champagne
- Crémant
- Cava
- Franciacorta
What are the two main parts of pressing in Champagne?
- Vin de Cuvée (first pressing -2,050L/2,550L)
- Premiere Taille/Vin de Taille (final-500L/2,050L)
What does La méthode champenoise stands for?
- This terminology is only permitted to be applied to CHAMPAGNE production.
- A method of producing sparkling wine by including a secondary fermentation to take place in the bottle.
What are the two blend styles of each champagne house?
1) Non-Vintage=
2) Vintage=
What does an standard press holds in Champagne?
4,000Kg
This is a mixture of liquid sugar, yeast, a little tannin and finings. it produces a second fermentation in the bottle.
Liqueur de Tirage
What does Autolysis means?
Breakdown of the yeasts, adds complexity and flavour to the wine during the secondary fermentation.
What is the term for storing bottles on their sides (horizontally) and left to mature on the sediment for a min. 15 months.
Sur Latte
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Krug?
Grande Cuvée (multi-vintage)
What is the movement of all sediment of dead yeast cells caused by the second fermentation in to the plastic cup under the crown top, ready for removal called?
Remuage
What is a Pupitre?
A framed racks used for riddling/remuage.
*pioneered by Veuve Cliquot-Pohsardin
What are the two methods used for dégorgement?
1) The traditional á la volée
2) Modern method-à la glace
What is a Dégorgement stands for?
The removal of closure while turning the bottle upwards, allowing the sediment and a small amount of wine to be forced out by the gas pressure.
What are the requirements for a NON-VINTAGE champagne?
- This is the blend and is the hallmark or style of each champagne house.
- Contains an average of 40-50 wines from as many as ten different years(reserve wines).
- aging requirement: min. 15 months on the lees from the date of tirage.
What are the requirements for a VINTAGE champagne?
-It’s made almost totally from a blend of just 1 year, although a quantity of wine from other years is permitted in vintage champagne if it’s requieres to achieve the balance.
What is the purpose of L’ECHELLE-DES-CRUS?
It’s the vineyard rating system where champagne villages are graded from 100% down to 80%.
- GRANDS CRUS(17)= 100%
- PREMIERES CRUS(44)= 90-99%
- VILLAGE CRUS= 80-89%
Name the only two still wine appellations in Champagne?
1) Coteaux Champenois (grape varieties as for champagne AOC)
2) Rosé de Riceys (100% Pinot Noir)
This process is the addition of a measured amount of sweetened wine that determines the style of the wine.
Dosage
What is the Residual Sugar for Brut Nature?
0-3g/L
What is the Residual Sugar of Extra Dry?
12-17g/L
What is the Residual Sugar of Extra Brut?
0-6g/L
What is the Residual Sugar of Brut?
0-12g/L
What is the Residual Sugar of Sec (medium)?
17-32g/L