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NUTRITION > CH.9: WATER AND MINERALS > Flashcards

CH.9: WATER AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Water

A

Makes up 50 to 75% of body weight
needs no digestion and is easily absorbed
serves as a major solvent
essential without water death can occur within 2-3 days

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2
Q

Water inside the cells 2/3 of body water

A

Intracellular water

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3
Q

Water surrounding the cells or in the fluid portion of blood

A

Extracellular water

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4
Q

Balance between intra and extracellular fluid is maintained by concentration of_____, particularly sodium potassium, chloride and phosphate ions

A

ions

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5
Q

Total water intake includes

A

Water in beverages and foods.

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6
Q

_______ water formed by cells as a metabolic byproduct

A

metabolic water

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7
Q

Body water is loss through

A 
urine
perspiration
exhaled air
feces 
insensible perspiration
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8
Q

The small amounts of water we are losing via our skin but we dont notice

A

insensible perspiration

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9
Q

How much water is needed?

A

women-11 cups (2.7L)

men-15.5 cups(3.7L)

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10
Q

_______: are the major regulator of body’s water content and ion concentration.

A

KIDNEYS

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11
Q

Function of kidneys:

A

maintains proper hydration by filtering excess ions from the blood
remove excess sodium
remove drugs and metabolic wastes

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12
Q

____ & ____ ___ waste products of protein metabolism

A

urea and uric acid

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13
Q

Water conservation occurs when

A

person is hot and perspire heavily

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14
Q

Hormones that participate in sodium and water conservation include

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone
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15
Q

Substances that increase urine output INHIBIT ADH resulting in urinary water losses

A

diuretics

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16
Q

Two common dietary diuretics

A

Caffeine and alcohol

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17
Q

When the body’s fluid losses are greater than its fluid input

A

Dehydration

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18
Q

Every 16 oz of water lost by the body represents ___ __ of body weight

A

1 Ib

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19
Q

People at risked for dehydration

A

older adults
sick people
athletes and laborers

20
Q

Too much water consumed at a time or conditions in which kidneys have difficulty filtering water from blood

A

Water intoxication

21
Q

Elements in Earth’s rocks, soil, and natural water sources 15-22 mineral elements are essential nutrients

A

minerals

22
Q

Minerals ______ be destroyed but they can be lost from foods

A

CANNOT

23
Q

Roles of Minerals

A 
Structural component of tissue
ions
blood clottin
fluid balance
acid base balance
cofactors in chemical reactions
part of certain enzymes
24
Q

True or false animal foods generally contain higher amounts of mineral than plant foods

A

true

25
Q

__________ of minerals varies. In general, minerals in animal foods are more easily absorbed than minerals in plant foods

A

Bioavailability

26
Q

“hard water” contains a variety of minerals including calcium sulfur copper iron and zinc.

A

tap water

27
Q

Many minerals have a ______ ____ ___ _____ ______. As a results it is relatively easy to consume a toxic amount, especially by taking supplements that only contain a particular mineral

A

Narrow Range of Safe Intake

28
Q

The most plentiful mineral in the human body> 99% in bones and teeth 1% in extracellular fluid. Healthy adults absorb 25% of calcium.

A

Calcium

29
Q

Function of Calcium

A 
Bone formation and maintenance
Teeth
muscle contraction
blood clot formation
nerve impulse transmission
cell metabolism
30
Q

Secretes calcitonin when blood calcium is too high. Stimulates OSTEOBLAST which builds bone

A

Thyroid gland

31
Q

Secretes parathryroid hormone when blood calcium is too low. Stimulates OSTEOCLAST which break down bone.

A

Parathyroid glands

32
Q

A chronic disease characterized by low bone mass and reduced bone structure

A

osteoporosis

33
Q

Need for Sodium

A

major postively charged ion in extracellular fluid
conduct nerve impulses
involved in transporting glucose and amino acids into cells

34
Q

Condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

35
Q

Need for potassium

A

major positively charged ion in intracellular fluid
nerve impulses
contracting muscles
kidney function

36
Q

Role of Magnesium

A

participates in 300 chemical reactions
regulation of muscle and nerve function
maintenance of strong bones
strengthening the immune system

37
Q

Need for Iron

A

component of hemoglobin and myglobin. involved in energy generation and immune function

38
Q

Iron containing protein in RBC that transports oxygen to tissues and some CO2 away from tissues

A

hemoglobin

39
Q

Iron containing protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from RBC

A

myoglobin

40
Q

Most iron stored as _______ in the liver.

A

ferritin

41
Q

Need for Zinc

A

wound healing
normal of taste and smell
dna synthesis
immune function

42
Q

Need for Iodide

A

normal thyroid function

thyroid hormone

43
Q

Characterized by enlarged thyroid gland. common before advent of iodized salt in areas where iodine content of soil was poor

A

Goiter

44
Q

irreversible condition affecting infants born to women who were iodide deficient during pregnancy

A

cretinism

45
Q

Need for Selenium

A

selenoproteins (antioxidants)

46
Q

Need for Chromium

A

enhance insulin’s action on cell membranes. Open for glucose

NUTRITION (12 decks)

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