CH.7: PROTEINS

Question 1

True or false: All cells in the body contain proteins.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Specific type of protein include:

________ protein in cartilage, ligaments, bones, hair , skin and nails

Answer 2

structural

Question 3

Specific type of protein include:

________ proteins that enable muscles to move

Answer 3

contractile

Question 4

Specific type of protein include:

________ proteins such as melanin determine color of eyes, hair, and skin

Answer 4

pigment

Question 5

Specific type of protein include:

________ proteins that are needed for blood clotting

Answer 5

clotting

Question 6

Certain XXXX are proteins. ______ are chemical messengers that regulate body processes and responses

Answer 6

hormones

Question 7

________ compounds that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 7

enzymes

Question 8

Function of Proteins include:

Answer 8

Transport

Fluid balance

Question 9

Proteins are made of smaller units called ______ ____. There is 20 different XXXX found in the human proteins

Answer 9

amino acid

Question 10

Each amino acid is composed of 3 Things

Answer 10

An amino (nitrogen)
R-group (side chain)
Acid Group

Question 11

3 Characteristics of Essential Amino Acids

Answer 11

cannot be made by the body
must be supplied by diet
9 of the 20 amino acids

Question 12

2 characteristics of Nonessential Amino Acids

Answer 12

can be made by the body

11 of the 20 amino acids

Question 13

True or False: NEARLY ALL FOOD CONTAIN SOME PROTEIN BUT NO NATURAL FOOD IS 100% PROTEIN

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Protein quality:

HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN CHARACTERISTICS:

Answer 14

contain all 9 essential amino acids in amounts that support growth
most animal products
high quality plant foods

Question 15

Protein quality: LOW QUALITY PROTEIN:

Answer 15

lacks or has inadequate amounts of 1 or more essential amino acid
most plant foods and gelatin

Question 16

How are proteins made?

Answer 16

1. cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to DNA manual
2. Amino acids are then connected by PEPTIDE BONDS

Question 17

_________ chains of less than 15 amino acids

Answer 17

Peptides

Question 18

________ proteins made of more than 50 amino acids

Answer 18

Polypeptides

Question 19

______ ___ ______: is an inherited condition that affects red blood cells

Answer 19

Sickle cell anemia

Question 20

PROTEIN DENATURATION BY

Answer 20

heat
acidity
Alcohol
Physical agitation

Question 21

Protein digestion begins in the XXXXX

hydrochloric acid denatures proteins.

Answer 21

STOMACH

Question 22

The enzyme _______ digest proteins into smaller polypeptides

Answer 22

pepsin

Question 23

Polypeptides enter the ________.

Answer 23

Small intestine

Question 24

The enzymes _______ & ________ break down polypeptides into shorter peptides and individual amino acids

Answer 24

trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 25

_________ occurs in the small intestine. Absorptive cells release enzymes that digest most small peptides into individual amino acids

Answer 25

Absorption

Question 26

Individual amino acids and some di and tripeptides enter absorptive cells where they are completely digested to ______ ____

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

PROTEIN DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION PROCESS:

Answer 27

1. Stomach. Proteins undergo denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. Small intestine: the pancreas secretes protein splitting enzymes TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN 3. Absortive cells, FInal digestion occurs. 4. After being absorbed amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. very little dietary protein is excreted in feces.

Question 28

Daily protein needs of healthy adults RDA

Answer 28

.8 g/kg body wt

Question 29

Proteins need increase during

Answer 29

periods of growth pregnancy lactation recovery from illness and injury

Question 30

RDA FORMULA

Answer 30

1. convert weight in Ibs to Kg 2.2 pound=1 Kg | 2. multiply kg x .8

Question 31

Inflammatory response resulting when body's immune system reacts inappropriately to a substance that is typically harmless

Answer 31

allergy

Question 32

True or false: Most food allergens are proteins that escape digestion and are absorbed as whole protein

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Protein rich foods include

Answer 33

``` cows milk eggs peanuts wheat soybeans fish and shellfish ```

Question 34

non proteins

Answer 34

food dyes | sulfites added to wine potatoes and shrimp

Question 35

Who develops food allergies?

Answer 35

people with family history 6% of children (mostly outgrow) 3-4% of adults

Question 36

Treatment of Food Allergies

Answer 36

Avoid Read Educate

Question 37

_______ Proteins found in wheat buckwheat barley and rye. Triggers inflammatory response in small intestine (celiac disease)

Answer 37

Gluten

Question 38

__________ (PKU) genetic disorder affect 1/10,000 infants caused by lack of enzyme that converts the amino acid XXXXX to another compound. Undiagnosed will develop into mental retardation FOLLOW STRICT VEGAN DIET

Answer 38

Phenylketonuria

Question 39

Recommendations for protein intake.

Answer 39

``` Choose lean or low fat meat and poultry EXTRA LEAN Trim visible fat more legumes less animal proteins more plant proteins ```

Question 40

________ ______:mixing certain plant foods to provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins

Answer 40

Complementary combinations

Question 41

Amino acids often low or limiting in plant proteins

Answer 41

trytophan threonine lysine methionine

Question 42

People who eat plant-based diets

Answer 42

VEGETARIANS

Question 43

Types of Vegetarians:

Answer 43

Lactovegetarian (milk) Ovovegetarian (eggs) LactoOvo veg (egg/milk) Vegan (only plants)

Question 44

PROS OF VEGETARIANS:

Answer 44

weigh less have less heart disease often exercise more meditate, avoid tobacco and alcohol

Question 45

CONS OF VEGETARIANS:

Answer 45

``` calories high quality protein Omega 3 fatty acids Vitamin B-12 and D Zinc iron and calcium ```

Question 46

Results from chronic lack of food or poor food choices

Answer 46

undernutrition

Question 47

_________ adequate energy intake but intake of high quality protein is low. EDEMA

Answer 47

Kwashiorkor

Question 48

________ Starvation---extreme weight loss

Answer 48

Marasmus