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NUTRITION > CH.5: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

CH.5: Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

A major source of energy of cells. Without a steady supply of energy, cells cannot function and they doe. Plants are rich sources of XXXX, they make these substances by using the suns energy to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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2
Q

3 types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosacchrides
Dissachrides
Polysacchrides

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3
Q

Monosacchrides include3 types of sugars

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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4
Q

_________ is the most important monosacchride in the human body. PRIMARY FUEL FOR MUSCLE AND OTHER CELLS, also called blood sugar

A

Glucose

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5
Q

__________ is naturally found in fruit, easily made from corn.

A

Fructose

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6
Q

_________ not commonly found in foods, component of lactose. Glucose to galactose pregnancy. breast milk

A

Galactose

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7
Q

Dissachrides include 3 types of sugar:

A

maltose, sucrose, and lactose

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8
Q

________ GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE

A

MALTOSE

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9
Q

___________ GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE. (table sugar) occurs naturally in honey, maple syrup carrots and pineapples. REFINED FROM SUGAR CANES AND SUGAR BEETS. raw sugar (turninado)

A

Sucrose

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10
Q

________ (milk sugar) forms when galactose +glucose bond

A

lactose

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11
Q

Substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods

A

Nutritive sweeteners

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12
Q

Substances that sweeten foods while providing a few or no kilocalories

A

Alternative sweetners

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13
Q

Alternative nutritive sweetners include sugar alcohols

A

sorbitol, xylitiol and mannitol

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14
Q

_______ _______: replace sucrose in products such as sugar free gum.NOT FULLY ABSORBED BY THE INTESTINAL TRACT. do not contribute to dental decay. 2 kcal/g. MAY CAUSE DIARRHEA when consumed in large amounts

A

sugar alcohol

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15
Q

________ _________: group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar

A

nonnutritive sweetners

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16
Q

_________ better known by its trade name NUTRASWEET or EQUAL consist of phenylalanin and aspartic scid. people who have PKU must avoid

A

Aspartame

17
Q

____________ are compromised of 10 or more monosacchrides bonded together. STORE ENERGY OR MAKE CERTAIN STRUCTUREAL COMPONENTS

A

Polysacchrides

18
Q

_____ and _________: are polysacchrides that contain hundred of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures.

A

Starch and glycogen

19
Q

________ and _________ are major sites for glycogen formation and storage

A

Muscles and liver

20
Q

Most forms of ______ are complex carbohydrates compromised of monosacchrides connected by bonds that humans CANNOT digest

A

Fiber

21
Q

Two types of fiber

A

soluble fiber and insoluble fiber

22
Q

________ fiber such as PECTIN AND GUMS dissolve or swell in water

A

Soluble

23
Q

________ fiber such as CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN, do not dissolve in water

A

insoluble

24
Q

The ____ __________ is the main site for carbohydrate digestion and absorption, but a minor amount of starch digestion begins in the mouth as SALIVARY AMYLASE break down the starch molecules into maltose

A

Small intestine

25
Q

An amylase secreted by the ________ (xxxx amylase) breaks down the remaining polyssachride

A

pancreas

26
Q

_______ helps regulate blood glucose levels because the hormone enables glucose to enter most cells. INFLUENCES FAT, GLYCOGEN, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM

A

Insulin

27
Q

_________ hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels. promote breakdown of glycogen. STIMULATE LIVER AND KIDNEY CELLS TO PRODUCE GLUCOSE FROM CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS

A

glucagon

28
Q

Glycogen breakdown. Releases glucose into the blood stream

A

glycogenolysis

29
Q

FAT BREAKDOWN,

A

lypolysis

30
Q

________ ________ are chemicals that results from the incomplete breakdown of fat.

A

ketone bodies

31
Q

condition that occurs with very high blood ketone bodies.

A

ketosis

32
Q

Groups of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

A

Diabetes melitus

33
Q

abnormally high blood glucose level

A

hyperglycemia

34
Q

_____ ___ _______: is an autoimmune disease that occurs when certain immune cells malfunctions and do not recognize the body’s own beta cells

A

TYPE I Diabetes

35
Q

_____ ___ ______: most common form of diabetes. INSULIN RESISTANT CELLS

A

TYPE II diabetes

36
Q

A condition that occurs when the blood glucose levels is abnormally low

A

hypoglycemia

NUTRITION (12 decks)

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