Ch.10: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

are conditions in which individuals have excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat. NATIONAL PROBLEM

Answer 1

obesity/overweight

Question 2

Which group is more affected by obesity

Answer 2

blacks

Question 3

Obesity related conditions include

Answer 3

heart disease
stroke
type 2 diabetes
types of cancer

Question 4

Two major components of body composition are

Answer 4

fat free mass (body water/tissues)

total body fat (adipose tissue)

Question 5

All cells contains some lipids but ______ ____ store a droplet of fat.

Answer 5

adipose cell

Question 6

Characteristics of Subcutaneous fat

Answer 6

helps insulate
under the skin
protects muscle and bones from injury

Question 7

Characteristics of Visceral fat

Answer 7

forms protective structure under abdominal muscles

Question 8

Characteristics of white fat

Answer 8

white

functions to store fat

Question 9

Characteristics of brown fat

Answer 9

contains more mitochondria and blood supply
function to generate heat
found in upper back and abdomen of infants

Question 10

Types of tools to measure body fat: It compares weight on land to weight when completely submerged in a tank of water

Answer 10

underwater weighing

Question 11

Types of tools to measure body fat: Uses multiple low energy x-rays to scan body. Provides detailed picture.

Answer 11

dual energy x ray absorptiometry

Question 12

Types of tools to measure body fat:

Assesses body volume, volume of air in chamber with a person in it is compared to volume without the person in it

Answer 12

air displacement

Question 13

Types of tools to measure body fat:

Measures conduction of a weak electrical current through the body

Answer 13

bioelectrical impedence

Question 14

Types of tools to measure body fat:

Measured at multiple body sites by trained person

Answer 14

skinfold thickness

Question 15

are macronutrients in foods and beverages

Answer 15

biological fuels

Question 16

are the main fuels. Small amounts of amino acids are also metabilized for energy alcohol also provides energy

Answer 16

glucose and fatty acids

Question 17

Energy is captures in the molecule

Answer 17

atp

Question 18

energy cells use to carry out activities

Answer 18

energy output or expediture

Question 19

4 types of outputs include:

Answer 19

basal and resting metabolism
physical activity
thermic effect of food
nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Question 20

Sum of all chemical changes or reactions that constantly occur in living cells

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

reactions require energy

Answer 21

anabolic

Question 22

reactions release energy

Answer 22

catabolic

Question 23

minimal number of calories used for vital physiological activities after fasting and resting for 12 hrs

Answer 23

basal metabolism

Question 24

9 Factors the influence metabolic rate include

Answer 24

thyroid hormone levels
gender
age
body surface area
calorie intake
fever
stimulant drugs
pregnancy and lactation
recovery

Question 25

Basal metabolic energy needs for men and women

Answer 25

men-1.0 kcal/kg/hr | women-.9 kcal/kg/hr

Question 26

Caloric expenditure is dependent on

Answer 26

type of activity duration intensity weight of the person

Question 27

numerical value of relationship between body weight and risk of certain chronic health problems

Answer 27

BMI

Question 28

Formula of BMI

Answer 28

wieght (ibs) / height (in) x 703

Question 29

uncomfortable feeling leading to a desire to eat

Answer 29

hunger

Question 30

sense that enough food was eaten

Answer 30

satiety

Question 31

Proteins that regulate hunger include:

Answer 31

ghrelin leptin CCK PYY

Question 32

hormone secreted mainly by stomach, that stimulates eating behavior

Answer 32

ghrelin

Question 33

hormone secreted by adipose cells that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body

Answer 33

leptin

Question 34

hormone secreted by small intestine that reduces hunger

Answer 34

CCK

Question 35

peptide secreted by intestines that reduces hunger

Answer 35

PYY

Question 36

inherited characteristics that influence weight include

Answer 36

metabolic rate hormone production body frame sixe pattern of fat distribution

Question 37

Scientific notion that body fat content is genetically predetermined

Answer 37

set point theory

Question 38

the desire to eat appealing foods

Answer 38

appetite

Question 39

Environmental influences include

Answer 39

food advertising increased portion sizes conditions that reduces a person's physical activity

Question 40

factors that influence wieght

Answer 40

``` income' education self esteem mood boredom social pressure ```

Question 41

Key factors of succesful long term weight management

Answer 41

motivation calorie reduction regular physical activity behavior modification

Question 42

Loss of 1 Ib body fate requires a negative energy state of

Answer 42

3500 kcal

Question 43

are environmental factors that stimulate eating behaviors such as viewing food commercials

Answer 43

cues

Question 44

is effective method of treating extreme obesity. surgery reduces size of stomach, limiting amount of food that can be eatern

Answer 44

bariatric surgery

Question 45

little stomach pouch is created. The small intestine is cute and the lower end is attached to the newly formed stomach pouch

Answer 45

roux-en Y gastric bypass

Question 46

portion of the stomach is removed leaving a banana shaped stomach pouch

Answer 46

sleeve gastrectomy

Question 47

surgical method of sunctioning the excess body fat out of the body. cosmetic surgery

Answer 47

liposuction

Question 48

Factors contributing to underweight:

Answer 48

genetics lifestyle practices chronic diseases psychological disturbances

Question 49

Female athlete triad

Answer 49

low energy intakes abnormal menstrual cycles bone mineral irregularities