Ch.13: Nutrition for a Lifetime Flashcards
Dietary needs by stage of pregnancy
FOLATE- 50%+
IRON-50%+
1st- no increase
2nd- 340 kcal
3rd- 452 kcal
_______ are common in pregnancy. cause is unknown but may be related to hormonal changes
cravings
craving and eating nonfood substances such as laundry starch, coal cigarette ashes and dirt.
pica
Weight gain during pregnancy recommendations depends on
before pregnancy weight
specialized health care for pregnant woment that can detect problems
prenatal care
Type 2 diabetes that develops during pregnancy
excess glucose is delivered to fetus, resulting in large infant with excess body fat
3-8% of pregnancies
gestational diabetes
major sign is rapid weight gain after 5 months of pregnancy
LEADING CAUSE OF PREGNANCY RELATED DEATH
6-8% of pregnancies
pregnancy induced hypertension
major signs of preeclampsia are
sudden weight gain
high blood pressure
edema
protein in urine
Infant nutrition :
weight gain
birth weight doubles by 4 to 6 months
birth weight triples by 1 year
Infant nutrition:
50% increase in length from birth to 1
designed to meet nutritional needs of a newborn baby
human milk
yellowish fluid secreted from breast soon after birth
contains antibodies needed for immunity and lactobacillus bifidus for a healthy GI tract
colostrum
Stimulates milk production in the breast
prolactin
triggers milk “let down” a reflex that enables milk to travel via ducts to the nipple area
oxytocin
Roles or prolactin and oxytocin
- sucking sends nerve signals to pituitary gland
- prolactin and oxytocin are released
- prolactin stimulates milk producing cells
- oxytocin triggers let down of milk
Infants need breast milk only for the first
6 MONTHS
True or false: breastfeeding should continue until 12 months
true
True or false: in general women are not breastfeeding long enough
true
How is cow’s milk not appropriate for infants?
too high in minerals and protein
intestinal bleeding/iron deficiency
CASEIN, protein in cows difficult to digest for infants
cause allergies
infant thrusts tongue forward when a solid or semi solid food is placed in its mouth
extrusion reflex
first solid food generally is
rice cereal
introduce one vegetable or fruit at a time. wait __ to ___ days before adding new food
2 to 4 days
Avoid feeding allergenic foods until 1st birthday. foods include
egg whites
chocolates
peanuts
cows milk
results from infants being put to bed with a bottle of formula,juice, or any sugar sweetened drink
tooth decay
True or false: prevalence of obese children has increased dramatically since 1970
true
Children need at lease ______ of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week
1 hour
Adolescents’ diets include
low diets of fruits and vegetables, calcium
Iron deficiency during adolescence include
boys with growth spurt
girls with periods
Life expectancy has gone higher.
almost 80 years compared to the 1900s which was 47 years old
