ch9: stress and disease Flashcards
stress
a perceived threat to homeostasis
who created the general adaptation syndrome?
h. selye
what is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
- 3 manifestations?
common reactions the body has to stressors
- enlargement of adrenal cortex
- pathologic atrophy of thymus (and lymphoid tissues)
- bleeding/duodenal ulcers
t/f: physiologic stress can decrease ability to resist future stress
true
stages of general adaptation syndrome? (3)
- alarm stage
- adaptation (stage of resistance)
- stage of exhaustion (allostatic overload)
alarm stage
arousal of CNS (fight or flight)
adaptation (stage of resistance)
fight or flight response mobilized - physiologically and psychologically
stage of exhaustion (allostatic overload)
stress eventually leads to a disruption of homeostasis and can lead to many diseases
what are some diseases that the stage of exhaustion can lead to?
hypertension, gastric ulcers
explain the mechanism of action of ACTH
ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
acth released by pituitary gland –> triggers adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids (cortisol) –> liver releases glucose for energy
explain the mechanism of action of epinephrine
nerve signal from brain –> reaches adrenal gland –> releases epinephrine –> trigger increase in HR, RR, blood sugar
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
interaction among certain body systems (consciousness + CNS + immunity)
corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
- what is it made by?
made by hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands to AROUSE sympathetic nervous system
what can CRF stimulation lead to?
- adrenal glands release catecholamines
- pituitary glands release ADH, ACTH, prolactin
- ACTH trigger adrenal glands to release cortisol
what happens when adrenal glands secrete catecholamines
- stimulate alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
- blood vessel constriction, increased glucose breakdown
