ch8: hypersensitivity and immunodeficiency Flashcards
hypersensitivity
hyperactive/overactive immune system
immunodeficiency
under-reactive immune system
primary immunodeficiency
congenital, born with defect
hypogammaglobulinemia
where is the defect
not making enough antibodies, defect in THYMUS –> ineffective maturation of T cells
severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDS)
ALL lymphocytes affected by a dysfunction
–> reticular dysgenesis: don’t make ANY type of WBCs
secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
contracted AFTER birth
examples of secondary immunodeficiency?
- nutritional
- iatrogenic
- trauma induced
- stress induced
- result of infectious disease
nutritional immunodeficiency
ex. scurvy: vitamin c deficiency
iatrogenic immunodeficiency
treatment for one disease → leads to immunodeficiency (chemotherapy, antimitotic drugs)
trauma induced immunodeficiency
physical trauma is the cause of decreased immunity
ex. Getting severe burns = more susceptible to infection
stress induced immunodeficiency
physical stress to the body (emotional trauma/eating disorders) more susceptible to infection
result of infectious disease
ex: HIV (knocks out helper t cells, more prone to viral infections = since t cells work harder in viral infections) → AIDS
ex. epstein barr virus - infectious mononucleosis (goes for b cells → more prone to bacterial infection) → can lead to Strep
what are some treatments of immunodeficiency
- IVIg: artificially acquired passive immunity; get antibodies from lab; can be given prophylactically (monoclonal antibodies)
- Stem cell and/or bone marrow grafts
- gene therapy (CRISPR)
hypersensitivity
exaggerated response to injury (or to a foreign and/or bening substance)
anaphylaxis
body releases a severe amount of histamine that causes systemic effects, severe drop in BP
cutaneous anaphylaxis
rapid skin reaction/allergen, much less serious (hives, rash), can progress into systemic form…
systemic anaphylaxis
systemic reaction involving multiple organ systems
anaphylactic shock
over-vasodilation → decrease in blood pressure → severe drop in BP = SHOCK
histamine is a _______ while epinephrine is a ______
vasodilator, vasoconstrictor
allergy
something that isn’t harmful but for some reason the body interprets as a threat
neoantigens
ex.?
foreign substances/allergens can combine with tissues …
- poison ivy –> antibody antigen complex deposit into tissue
autoimmunity
own tissues are being attached by immune system
- clonal deletion didn’t happen properly
alloimmunity
response to grafted tissue
autograft
no alloimmune response; tissue grafted from one part of body to another party of your body
