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Medical Terminology > CH7Vocabulary > Flashcards

CH7Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arTEriole

A

small artery

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2
Q

calCIFerol

A

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

CAlyx CAlix
CAlyces CAlices

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. comes from Greek-kalux-cup or case surrounding a flower bud

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4
Q

CATHeter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids. A bladder catheter drains urine from the bladder

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5
Q

CORtex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
cortical-pertaining to cortex

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6
Q

creAtinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism.

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7
Q

creAtinine CLEarance

A

measure of how efficiently the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the body

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8
Q

eLECtrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for the functioning of muscles and nerves. the kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium K+ and sodium NA+ are electrolytes

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9
Q

erythroPOietin
EOP

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Poietin means a substance that forms. EPO stimulates red blood cell production by bone marrow and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles. This enhances athletic endurance. However use of EPO is a form of blood doping and is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Authority

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10
Q

filTRAtion

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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11
Q

gloMERular CAPsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomeruler capsule is also known as Bowman Capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

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12
Q

glomeRUlus
glomeRUli

A

tiny balls of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney

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13
Q

HIlum

A

depression in the kidney were blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. Hilum comes from Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

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14
Q

KIDney

A

one of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

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15
Q

meAtus

A

opening or canal

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16
Q

meDUlla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney. Medullary means pertaining to the medula. The term comes from Latin medulla, meaning marrow (inner part)

17
Q

NEphron

A

functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

18
Q

niTROGenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples of nitrogenous wastes are urea, uric acid, and creatinine

19
Q

poTASsium (K+)

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

20
Q

reabSORPtion

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

21
Q

REanl ARtery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

22
Q

REnal PELvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

23
Q

REnal TUbule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

24
Q

REnal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

25
Q

REnin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels)

26
Q

SOdium (Na+)

A

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (table salt)

27
Q

TRIgone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder

28
Q

uREa

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

29
Q

Ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

30
Q

uREthra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

31
Q

Uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

32
Q

Urinary BLADder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

33
Q

urinAtion

A

process of expelling urine; also called micturition

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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