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Medical Terminology > CH2terms > Flashcards

CH2terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
Ana- up / bol to cast / -ism a process

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. This process occurs in mitochondria.
Cata- down / bol to cast /
-ism to cast

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except egg and sperm-these only have 23 unpaired.

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained with in the cell membrane.

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6
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a squence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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9
Q

karyotype

A

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- change/ bol to cast/ -ism a process

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy(mini “power plants”) for the cell.

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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13
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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14
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea

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15
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

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16
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

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17
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located above the trachea

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18
Q

pharynx

A

throat. serves as the common passsageway for food (mouth to esophagus) and air (nose to trachea)

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19
Q

pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

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20
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

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21
Q

trachea

A

windpipe (tube from throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes.)

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22
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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23
Q

urethra

A

tube from the uriniary bladder to the outside of the body.

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24
Q

uterus

A

womb; organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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25
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially the abdomen.

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26
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity

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27
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and sirrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull

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28
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. the diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

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29
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

pertaining to the back

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30
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and in between the lungs.

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31
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing portions of teh intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis-the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity

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32
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs.

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33
Q

pleura

A

double folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to the pleura

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34
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

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35
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column

36
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

37
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

pertaining to the front

38
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone

39
Q

vertebrae

A

Backbones

40
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

41
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

42
Q

disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

43
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front surface of the body

44
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

45
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

46
Q

front (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

47
Q

inferior

A

below another structure; pertaining to the lower portion of the body

48
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

49
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

50
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back surface of the body

51
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

52
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

53
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves

54
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

55
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

above another structure; pertaining to the head

56
Q

supine

A

lying on the back, face up palms up

57
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

horizontal (cross sectional) plane dividding the body into upper and lower portions

58
Q

abdomen

A

space in the body below the chest containing the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines

59
Q

cervical

A

Neck region C1-C7

60
Q

chondroma

A

Tumor of cartilage; benign

61
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of cartilage

62
Q

coccygeal

A

Pertaining to the tailbone/coccyx

63
Q

coccyx

A

Tailbone

64
Q

craniotomy

A

Incision of the skull

65
Q

epigastric region

A

Middle upper abdominal pelvic region (above the stomach)

66
Q

epinephrine

A

Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury

67
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

R and L upper abdominopelvic regions, beneath the ribs

68
Q

hypogastric region

A

Middle lower abdominopelvic region, below the umbilical region

69
Q

iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium, R or L upper most portion of the hip bone

70
Q

inguinal region

A

R and L lower abdominopelvic regions, near the groin

71
Q

intervertebral

A

Pertaining to between the vertebrae

72
Q

intravenous

A

Within a vein

73
Q

laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx (voice box)

74
Q

lumbar regions

A

R and L middle abdominopelvic regions near the waist

75
Q

lumbar spine

A

Pertaining to the lower back L1-L5

76
Q

lumbosacral

A

Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back

77
Q

nucleic

A

Pertaining to the nucleus

78
Q

pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx (throat)

79
Q

sacral

A

Pertaining to the sacrum

80
Q

sacrum

A

Large triangular bone of the back

81
Q

sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of flesh tissue such as bone, muscle, fat or cartilage

82
Q

thoracotomy

A

Incision of the chest

83
Q

tracheal

A

Pertaining to the trachea

84
Q

uterus

A

Female organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

85
Q

vertebral

A

Pertaining to the backbones

86
Q

visceral

A

Pertaining to internal organs

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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