CH4terms Flashcards
Antigen
Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody; evokes an immune response
Antisepsis
Destruction of organisms to prevent infection
Antitoxin
Substance produced against a toxin; an antibody
Apnea
Without breathing
Autoimmune Disease
Condition in which the immune system (antibodies) attacks normal, healthy cells producing chronic, disabling diseases
Benign
Non-cancerous
Bifurcation
Branching into two parts
Bilateral
Pertaining to 2 or both sides
Bradycardia
Slow heartbeat
Catabolism
Cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell.
Congenital anomaly
Abnormality present at birth. Birth defect
Connective tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and fibrous tissues.
Contraindication
Factor that indicates against the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient
Contralateral
Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body
Dehydration
Excessive loss of water.
Dialysis
Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function; hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are are examples.
Diameter
Measurement through the center of a circle (for example the size of the opening of a blood vessel)
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose watery stool
Dysentery
Painful inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infections
Dysplasia
Condition of abnormal formation
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
Dystrophy
Condition of abnormal development
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pregnancy that is not in place (not in the uterus) a fallopian tube is the most common ectopic site
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
Endoscope
Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body
Endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea
Epithelium
The layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body
Euphoria
Exaggerated feeling of well being; elevated mood, “high”
Euthyroid
Normal thyroid function
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of the eyeball; sign of hyperthyroidism
Hemiglossectomy
Removal (resection) of half of the tongue
Hyperglycemia
High levels of sugar in the bloodstream, associated with diabetes
Hyperplasia
Condition of increased formation of cells
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of a tissue or organ due to increase in the size of individual cells.
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of tissue or organ due to increase in individual cell size
Hypodermic injection
Injection of medication under the skin
Hypoglycemia
Low/ deficient levels of sugar in the blood
Incision
Process of cutting into the body
Infracostal
Pertaining to below the ribs
Insomniac
Pertaining to without sleep; an insomniac is a person who cannot sleep
Intercostal
Pertaining to in between the ribs
Intravenous
Pertaining to within a vein
Microcephalic
Smaller than normal head
Malaise
General feeling of body discomfort
Malignant
Cancerous; harmful
Metacarpal bones
Hand bones; literally beyond the wrist
Metamorphosis
Condition of change of shape or form
Metastasis
Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site.
Microcephalic
Smaller than normal head; a congenital anomaly
Microscope
Instrument to view small objects
Neonatal
Pertaining to new birth
Neoplasm
New growth
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all blood cells
Paralysis
Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body
Parathyroid Glands
4 endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) side of the thyroid gland; secrete parathromone
Percutaneous
Through the skin
Pericardium
Double layered membrane surrounding the heart
Polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells)
Polyneuritis
Inflammation of many nerves
Postmortem
After death
Postpartum
After birth
Precancerous
Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition
Prenatal
Pertaining to before birth
Pro dome
Sign or symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness. Example; fever that signals the onset of a viral illness
Prolapse
Sliding forward or down
Prosthesis
Artificial substitute for a missing body part
Recombinant DNA
Insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another
Rel apse
Sliding or falling back; as in return of illness after apparent recovery
Remission
Return to good health; signs and symptoms of disease are gone.
Retroflexion
Bending backward
Retroperitoneal
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)
Subcutaneous
Pertaining to under the skin
Suprapubic
Pertaining to above the pubic bones
Symbiosis
Close interaction between two organisms living closely together
Symmetry
Measurement together; similarity of parts as in mirror images of each other.
Symphysis
Bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage. The pubic symphysis of the pelvis is an example
Symptom
Subjective change in a condition as perceived by the patient
Syndactyly
Fusion of fingers or toes; congenital anomaly
Syndrome
Signs and symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder
Synthesis
Putting together of simple substances to create something new and often more complex
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
Transfusion
Transfer of blood from one person to another
Transurethral
Pertaining to across or through the urethra
Ultrasonography
Use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue
Unilateral
Pertaining to one side
