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Medical Terminology > CH4terms > Flashcards

CH4terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody; evokes an immune response

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2
Q

Antisepsis

A

Destruction of organisms to prevent infection

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3
Q

Antitoxin

A

Substance produced against a toxin; an antibody

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4
Q

Apnea

A

Without breathing

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5
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

Condition in which the immune system (antibodies) attacks normal, healthy cells producing chronic, disabling diseases

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6
Q

Benign

A

Non-cancerous

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7
Q

Bifurcation

A

Branching into two parts

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8
Q

Bilateral

A

Pertaining to 2 or both sides

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9
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heartbeat

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10
Q

Catabolism

A

Cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell.

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11
Q

Congenital anomaly

A

Abnormality present at birth. Birth defect

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12
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and fibrous tissues.

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13
Q

Contraindication

A

Factor that indicates against the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient

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14
Q

Contralateral

A

Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body

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15
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of water.

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16
Q

Dialysis

A

Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function; hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are are examples.

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17
Q

Diameter

A

Measurement through the center of a circle (for example the size of the opening of a blood vessel)

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18
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose watery stool

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19
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infections

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20
Q

Dysplasia

A

Condition of abnormal formation

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21
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

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22
Q

Dystrophy

A

Condition of abnormal development

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23
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Pregnancy that is not in place (not in the uterus) a fallopian tube is the most common ectopic site

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24
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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25
Q

Endoscope

A

Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body

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26
Q

Endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

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27
Q

Epithelium

A

The layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body

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28
Q

Euphoria

A

Exaggerated feeling of well being; elevated mood, “high”

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29
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid function

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30
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyeball; sign of hyperthyroidism

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31
Q

Hemiglossectomy

A

Removal (resection) of half of the tongue

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32
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High levels of sugar in the bloodstream, associated with diabetes

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33
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Condition of increased formation of cells

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34
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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35
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of a tissue or organ due to increase in the size of individual cells.

36
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

37
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of tissue or organ due to increase in individual cell size

38
Q

Hypodermic injection

A

Injection of medication under the skin

39
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low/ deficient levels of sugar in the blood

40
Q

Incision

A

Process of cutting into the body

41
Q

Infracostal

A

Pertaining to below the ribs

42
Q

Insomniac

A

Pertaining to without sleep; an insomniac is a person who cannot sleep

43
Q

Intercostal

A

Pertaining to in between the ribs

44
Q

Intravenous

A

Pertaining to within a vein

45
Q

Microcephalic

A

Smaller than normal head

46
Q

Malaise

A

General feeling of body discomfort

47
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous; harmful

48
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

Hand bones; literally beyond the wrist

49
Q

Metamorphosis

A

Condition of change of shape or form

50
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site.

51
Q

Microcephalic

A

Smaller than normal head; a congenital anomaly

52
Q

Microscope

A

Instrument to view small objects

53
Q

Neonatal

A

Pertaining to new birth

54
Q

Neoplasm

A

New growth

55
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Deficiency of all blood cells

56
Q

Paralysis

A

Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body

57
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

4 endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) side of the thyroid gland; secrete parathromone

58
Q

Percutaneous

A

Through the skin

59
Q

Pericardium

A

Double layered membrane surrounding the heart

60
Q

Polymorphonuclear

A

Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells)

61
Q

Polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of many nerves

62
Q

Postmortem

A

After death

63
Q

Postpartum

A

After birth

64
Q

Precancerous

A

Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition

65
Q

Prenatal

A

Pertaining to before birth

66
Q

Pro dome

A

Sign or symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness. Example; fever that signals the onset of a viral illness

67
Q

Prolapse

A

Sliding forward or down

68
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial substitute for a missing body part

69
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another

70
Q

Rel apse

A

Sliding or falling back; as in return of illness after apparent recovery

71
Q

Remission

A

Return to good health; signs and symptoms of disease are gone.

72
Q

Retroflexion

A

Bending backward

73
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)

74
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Pertaining to under the skin

75
Q

Suprapubic

A

Pertaining to above the pubic bones

76
Q

Symbiosis

A

Close interaction between two organisms living closely together

77
Q

Symmetry

A

Measurement together; similarity of parts as in mirror images of each other.

78
Q

Symphysis

A

Bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage. The pubic symphysis of the pelvis is an example

79
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective change in a condition as perceived by the patient

80
Q

Syndactyly

A

Fusion of fingers or toes; congenital anomaly

81
Q

Syndrome

A

Signs and symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder

82
Q

Synthesis

A

Putting together of simple substances to create something new and often more complex

83
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing

84
Q

Transfusion

A

Transfer of blood from one person to another

85
Q

Transurethral

A

Pertaining to across or through the urethra

86
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue

87
Q

Unilateral

A

Pertaining to one side

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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