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Medical Terminology > CH14vocabulary > Flashcards

CH14vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

The ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. Humoral (B cells) and cell mediated immunity (T cells) are examples

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2
Q

Adenoids

A

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharyngeal

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3
Q

Antibody

A

Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

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4
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses or organ transplant tissue cells

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5
Q

Axillary nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the armpit

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6
Q

B cell; B lymphocyte

A

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bone marrow, which is where B cells most often originate.

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7
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity

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8
Q

Cervical nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the neck region

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9
Q

Complement system

A

Set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

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10
Q

Cytokines

A

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Ie; interferons and interleukins

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11
Q

Cytotoxic T cell

A

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called (CD8+) T cell

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12
Q

Dendritic cell

A

Antigen producing cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack

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13
Q

Helper T cell

A

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; (CD4+) T cell

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14
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

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15
Q

Immunity

A

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. Theirs includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. The word immunity comes from Latin immunis meaning exempt or protected from.

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16
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies such as IgM IgA IgG IgE IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen.

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17
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease

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18
Q

Inguinal nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the groin area

19
Q

Interferons

A

Cytokines (proteins) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

20
Q

Interleukins

A

Cytokines (proteins) stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

21
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

22
Q

Lymph

A

Thin watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water

23
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

Tiniest lymphatic vessels

24
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes, spleen and thymus gland. Tonsils and adenoids are other examples

25
Q

Lymph node

A

Collection of stationary solid lymphatic issue, along the lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

26
Q

Lymph vessel

A

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

27
Q

Macrophage

A

Large phagocyte found in the lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.

28
Q

Mediastinal nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity

29
Q

Mesenteric nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the mesentery region (intestinal)

30
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

31
Q

Natural immunity

A

Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory

32
Q

Paraarotic nodes

A

Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

33
Q

Plasma cell

A

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes

34
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.

35
Q

Spleen

A

Organ in the ULQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs activates lymphocytes and stores blood

36
Q

Suppressor T cell

A

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg - regulatory T cell

37
Q

T cell; T lymphocyte

A

Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interluekines that are toxic to antigens

38
Q

Tolerance

A

Ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells.

39
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body. Empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

40
Q

Thymus gland

A

Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

41
Q

Tonsils

A

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

42
Q

Toxin

A

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants.

43
Q

Vaccination

A

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection. The term comes from Latin vacca-cow the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox

44
Q

Vaccine

A

Weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies. This results in adaptive immunity

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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