CH14vocabulary Flashcards
Adaptive immunity
The ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. Humoral (B cells) and cell mediated immunity (T cells) are examples
Adenoids
Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharyngeal
Antibody
Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
Antigen
Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses or organ transplant tissue cells
Axillary nodes
Lymph nodes in the armpit
B cell; B lymphocyte
Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bone marrow, which is where B cells most often originate.
Cell-mediated immunity
T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity
Cervical nodes
Lymph nodes in the neck region
Complement system
Set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
Cytokines
Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Ie; interferons and interleukins
Cytotoxic T cell
Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called (CD8+) T cell
Dendritic cell
Antigen producing cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack
Helper T cell
Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; (CD4+) T cell
Humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
Immunity
Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. Theirs includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. The word immunity comes from Latin immunis meaning exempt or protected from.
Immunoglobulins
Antibodies such as IgM IgA IgG IgE IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen.
Immunotherapy
Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease
Inguinal nodes
Lymph nodes in the groin area
Interferons
Cytokines (proteins) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
Interleukins
Cytokines (proteins) stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
Interstitial fluid
Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
Lymph
Thin watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water
Lymph capillaries
Tiniest lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes, spleen and thymus gland. Tonsils and adenoids are other examples
Lymph node
Collection of stationary solid lymphatic issue, along the lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
Lymph vessel
Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.
Macrophage
Large phagocyte found in the lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.
Mediastinal nodes
Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity
Mesenteric nodes
Lymph nodes in the mesentery region (intestinal)
Monoclonal antibody
Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
Natural immunity
Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
Paraarotic nodes
Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
Plasma cell
Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes
Right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.
Spleen
Organ in the ULQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs activates lymphocytes and stores blood
Suppressor T cell
Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg - regulatory T cell
T cell; T lymphocyte
Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interluekines that are toxic to antigens
Tolerance
Ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells.
Thoracic duct
Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body. Empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
Thymus gland
Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
Tonsils
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
Toxin
Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants.
Vaccination
Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection. The term comes from Latin vacca-cow the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox
Vaccine
Weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies. This results in adaptive immunity
