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Medical Terminology > CH5Terms > Flashcards

CH5Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

absorption

A

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

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4
Q

anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ) It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap- which is a form of ad-)

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6
Q

bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbaldder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall. ( Latin bilis, meaning gall or anger) probably because it has a bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments (colored materials), cholesterol, and bile salts

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisiting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments.

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called choledochus

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13
Q

defacation

A

elimination of feces from the digestiv etract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing de-glu-TISH-un

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth. covered by enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, Duo-2, den-10, it measures 12 inches long

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18
Q

elimination

A

removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal on indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

emulsification

A

breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. This increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outmost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested

24
Q

feces

A

solid waste; stool. The term fecal means pertaining to feces

25
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under the liver; stores bile. it is one word!

26
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

27
Q

glycogen

A

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells

28
Q

hyrochloric acid

A

substance (strong acid) produced in the stomach; aids digestion

29
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine. Greek eilos, meaning twisted. when the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestine appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction

30
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine. Latin jejunus means empty. This part of the body was always empty when examined after death

31
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fat

32
Q

liver

A

large organ located in the RUQ. it secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins. The normal adult liver weighs about 2.5 - 3 lbs

33
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called the cardiac sphincter.

34
Q

mastication

A

chewing

35
Q

molar teeth

A

3 large flat teeth at the bac of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch. premolar teeth are 2 teeth before the molars

36
Q

palate

A

roof the the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla) The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

37
Q

pancreas

A

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods.)

38
Q

papillae

A

small projections on the tongue. taste buds (taste receptor cells) are located within the papillae

39
Q

parotid gland

A

salivary gland with in the cheeck, just anterior to the ear. par-near ot/o-ear

40
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of tubular organs.
peri-surrounding,
stalsis-constriction

41
Q

pharynx

A

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

42
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

43
Q

protease

A

enzyme tht digests protein

44
Q

pulp

A

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.

45
Q

pyloric sphinctor

A

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. greek pyloris-gatekeeper. it is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

46
Q

pylorus

A

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

47
Q

rectum

A

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

48
Q

rugae

A

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.

49
Q

saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands. Salive contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch to sugar

50
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

51
Q

sigmoid colon

A

lower, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum empties into the rectum

52
Q

sphincter

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

53
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ tha receives food from the esophagus. The stomach’s parts are fundus - proximal section
body - middle section
antrum - distal section

54
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and 1 part glycerol. Triglycerides (fats) are a subgroup of lipids. another type of lipid is cholesterol

55
Q

villi (singular-villus)

A

miscroscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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