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FMST 314 > Ch7: Friendship > Flashcards

Ch7: Friendship Flashcards

1
Q

attributes of friendships

A
  • affection
  • communion
  • companionship
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2
Q

friendship

A

a voluntary, personal, relationship, typically providing intimacy and assistance, in which the two parties like one another and seek each other’s company

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3
Q

how do friendships and love differ?

A
  • social norms that regulate friendships are less confining than those that govern romantic relationships
  • friendships are easier to dissolve
  • friends spend less time together than romantic partners do
  • friendships generally entail fewer obligations and are less emotionally intense than romantic relationships
  • do not involve sexual intimacy
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4
Q

how are friendships and love similar

A
  • respect
  • trust
  • capitalization
  • social support
  • responsiveness
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5
Q

capitalization

A

we usually share good news with friends and receive enthusiastic and rewarding responses that increase our pleasure and enhance our relationships

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6
Q

four ways friends provide social support

A
  1. emotional support –> affection, acceptance, reassurance
  2. physical comfort
  3. advice support
  4. material support
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7
Q

invisible support

A

-social support that is subtly provided without fanfare and goes unnoticed by the recipient

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8
Q

perceived partner responsiveness

A

the judgement that someone is attentive, respectful, caring, and supportive with respect to our needs and aspirations
- promotes intimacy, encourages self disclosure, trust, and interdependency

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9
Q

rules for relationship

A
  • shared cultural beliefs about what behaviours friends should and should not perform
  • learn these rules during childhood
  • rules:
    1. trustworthy and loyal, having our best interests at heart
    2. confidants with whom we can share our secrets
    3. enjoyable and fun companions
    4. similar to us in attitudes and interests
    5. helpful, providing material support when needed
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10
Q

friendships during childhood

A
  • young children have favourite playmates
  • as children develop, they form more complex relationships
  • there are changes in interpersonal needs during childhood:
  • early elementary years –> acceptance
  • preadolescence –> intimacy
  • teen years –> sexuality

-to some degree, success in childhood relationships paves the way for better adult outcomes

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11
Q

friendships during adolescence

A
  • teens spend less time with family and more with peers

- adolescents increasingly turn to their friends for the satisfaction of important attachment needs

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12
Q

four components of attachment

A
  1. proximity seeking –> approaching, staying near, or making contact with an attachment figure
  2. separation protest –> where people resist being separated from a partner and are distressed by separation from them
  3. safe haven –> turning to an attachment figure as a source of comfort and support in times of stress
  4. secure base –> using a partner as a foundation for exploration of novel environments
  • these attachments are gradually shifted from parents to peers in adolescents
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13
Q

friendships in young adulthood

A
  • this age we learn how to form enduring, committed intimate relationships
  • total amount of time spent with friends or lovers increase but number of partners decrease
  • average intimacy levels increase
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14
Q

friendships during midlife

A
  • when people gain romantic partners, spend less time with families and friends
  • dyadic withdrawal occurs
  • social networks change –> shift from personal friends to family and friends they share with their spouses
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15
Q

dyadic withdrawal

A

people seeing more of a lover and less of their friends

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16
Q

friendships during old age

A
  • elderly people have smaller social networks and fewer friends than younger people
  • have just as many close friends but spend less time with casual friends
  • aim for quality of friendships over quantity
17
Q

socioemotional selectivity theory

A
  • seniors spend less time with casual friends and this theory argues this occurs because seniors have different interpersonal goals than younger people do
  • emphasizes emotional fulfillment to a greater extent
18
Q

emotional sharing

A
  • found more in women’s friendships

- self disclosure

19
Q

shared activities

A

found more in men’s friendships

20
Q

how do women’s friendships differ from men’s friendships

A
  • women’s same-sex friendships tend to be closer and more intimate than men’s
  • women self-disclose more
  • women provide friends more emotional support than men do
  • women typically have partners outside their romantic relationships to whom they can turn to for intimacy
21
Q

how do cultural norms affect friendships?

A

cultural norms lead men to be more reluctant than women to express their worries and emotions to others which lead men to not have as many intimate relationships with other men

22
Q

relational self-construals

A

describe the extent to which we think of ourselves as interdependent, rather than independent beings

23
Q

dark triad

A
  • narcissism: arrogant, self importance, entitlement
  • Machiavellianism: people who think there is a sucker born every minute
  • psychopathy: impulsive thrill-seekers who sometimes seem charming
24
Q

two friendship challenges

A
  1. shyness

2. loneliness

25
Q

shyness

A
  • syndrome that combines social reticence and inhibited behaviour with nervous discomfort in social settings
  • people who are shy fear negative evaluation from others
  • have poor self-regard
  • have lower levels of social skill
  • often make negative impressions on others that they were hoping to avoid in the first place
  • have a cautious and relatively withdrawn style of interaction
26
Q

loneliness

A
  • occurs when there is an unhappy discrepancy between the number and quality of partnerships we want and those we have
  • occurs when we want more, or more satisfying connections with others than we presently have
  • is heritable and due to genetic influences
27
Q

social loneliness

A

being dissatisfied because we lack a social network of friends and acquaintances

28
Q

emotional loneliness

A

being lonely because we lack affection and emotional support from at least one intimate relationship

29
Q

three themes of the loneliness scale

A
  1. isolation from others
  2. less close connection to others
  3. too little social connection
30
Q

excessive reassurance seeking

A
  • persistently probing for assurances that others like and accept them but doubting the sincerity of such declarations when they are received
  • lonely people tend to do this
31
Q

what factors influence loneliness

A
  • genetic influences
  • insecure attachment
  • low self-esteem
  • low expressivity

FMST 314 (13 decks)

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