Ch6: Delivering AT services to the Client

Question 1

Activity Output

Answer 1

The action that is replaced or augmented by an assistive device, including communication, cognition, manipulation, and mobility

Question 2

Aesthetics

Answer 2

The affective aspects related to how a device looks

Question 3

Assessment

Answer 3

A process through which information about the client is gathered and analyzed systematically with the purpose of identifying appropriate assistive technologies (hard and soft) and developing a plan for intervention

Question 4

Assessment Phase

Answer 4

The portion of the service delivery process in which the client’s sensory, physical, language, and cognitive skills and affect are assessed, as well as the client’s past experience with AT and the contexts in which the assistive technology will be used

Question 5

Auditory Function

Answer 5

The degree to which the sensory and motor components of the human auditory system function

Question 6

Client-Centered

Answer 6

Involvement of the client, the user of the assistive technology device and relevant others, in the service delivery process to identify and pursue client goals; to recognize the client and his subjective experiences as central to the service delivery process

Question 7

Clinical Reasoning

Answer 7

The thinking process that guides the health care professional’s decision-making process.
-4 types of clinical reasoning have been identified: Procedural, Interactive, Conditional, and Narrative

Question 8

Cognitive Skills

Answer 8

Includes mental processes of orientation, attention, memory, and executive function

Question 9

Criteria for Service

Answer 9

The recognition of a need for assistive technology services that triggers a referral for services

Question 10

Criterion-Referenced measurement

Answer 10

A measurement in which the person’s own skill level when using an assistive technology system is used as the performance standard

Question 11

Cultural Context

Answer 11

The shared beliefs, practices, values, and meanings that influence acceptance and use of technology

Question 12

Device Characteristics

Answer 12

General properties of the hard technology portions of an assistive technology system

Question 13

Environmental Sensor

Answer 13

The portion of a sensory device that detects data from the physical environment

Question 14

Feedback

Answer 14

The modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects (ex. visual, auditory, or tactile); the output of the system that provides information to the user about the operation of the device

Question 15

Flexibility

Answer 15

Ready capability to adapt to new, different, or changing requirements

Question 16

Follow up

Answer 16

• The portion of the service delivery process that determines whether the system as a whole is functioning effectively
• Usually occurs after a set length of time from an initial or ongoing evaluation

Question 17

Formal Evaluation

Answer 17

Consists of standardized outcome measurements and systematic data collection processes that evaluate general function and the specific outcomes of assistive technology use

Question 18

Funding

Answer 18

Monetary resources that are available for certain types of assistive technology

Question 19

Implementation phase

Answer 19

The portion of the service delivery process in which the recommended technology is ordered, modified, and fabricated as necessary; set up; delivered to the client; and initial training takes place

Question 20

Informal Evaluation

Answer 20

A method of evaluating client’s needs by observation or interview

Question 21

Institutional Context

Answer 21

Formal legal, legislative acts, and regulations; policies, practice, and procedures at other institutional levels such as educational, work, organizational, and community settings; and sociocultural institutions such as religious institutions

Question 22

Language Skills

Answer 22

The ability to successfully communicate using such tools as sequencing items, using symbol systems, combining language elements into complex thoughts, and using codes

Question 23

Magnitude

Answer 23

The amount or size of a measurement; when considering force, magnitude is measured in Newtons, pounds or kilograms

Question 24

Mountability

Answer 24

The properties of the assistive technology device that allow it to be mounted or positioned so that the client has reliable access to it

Question 25

Needs identification

Answer 25

The portion of the assessment during which more detailed specification of the user’s assistive technology needs is made

Question 26

Norm-referenced Measurements

Answer 26

The ranking of the performance of the individual or system according to a sample of scores others have achieved on the task

Question 27

Outcome Measures

Answer 27

Measures used to evaluate the end result of the assistive technology intervention

Question 28

Operational Competence

Answer 28

Skills required for the individual and his aides to use the basic features of the assistive technology device

Question 29

Performance Aid

Answer 29

A document or device containing information that an individual uses to assist in the completion of an activity

Question 30

Physical Construction

Answer 30

Properties of the device that allow it to be mounted or positioned so that the client has reliable access to it, the portability of the device, the size and weight, and its aesthetics (appearance and color)

Question 31

Physical Context

Answer 31

Physical attributes of the environment that enable, hinder or affect performance of daily activities with or without assistive technology

Question 32

Physical Properties

Answer 32

Physical characteristics of an assistive device including, but not limited to, size and weight, texture, hardness, mountability, portability, and aesthetics

Question 33

Physical Skill

Answer 33

• The physical capacity and ability of an individual to perform an action
• Usually describes a motor behavior

Question 34

Portability

Answer 34

Measure of the degree to which a device can be moved from place to place

Question 35

Precision

Answer 35

Measure of how accurately the assistive technology system performs the functions and how exactly it accomplishes its task

Question 36

Quantitative Measurement

Answer 36

A measurement in which an indefinite amount or number is obtained (ex. a numerical scale from 1 to 5 may be assigned to a given measurement, or the measurement may be in terms of a physical parameter such as weight)

Question 37

Qualitative Measurement

Answer 37

• Assumes that each individual has a different experience and that it is important to provide the opportunity to capture that experience. There is no attempt to measure a particular construct.
• Rather, the purpose is to describe and understand the user’s experience with the technology
• Qualitative assessments may include observation, either directly or by videotape, or interview with the client and others

Question 38

Range

Answer 38

Interval of the signal values for which it can be detected by the environmental sensor

Question 39

Referral and Intake

Answer 39

• The portion of the assessment in which the client, or someone close to the client, has identified a need for which assistive technology intervention may be indicated and contacts an AT practitioner.
• Basic information is gathered and a determination of the match between the services provided and the identified needs of the client is made.
• Funding is also identified and secured at this stage

Question 40

Reliability

Answer 40

An estimation of the consistency of a test when administered in different circumstances (ex. over time, by different raters, or with different populations)

Question 41

Sensory Functions

Answer 41

Performance of the human sensory systems, including hearing, vision, taste, tactile, somatosensory, olfaction, and vestibular

Question 42

Service Delivery

Answer 42

All facets of the process that starts with the identification of the client’s needs for assistive technology and culminates with the ongoing outcome evaluation of the use of acquired technology

Question 43

Social Context

Answer 43

Individuals or groups in the environment who affect the performance of daily activities, either with or without assistive technology, directly or indirectly

Question 44

Somatosensory or Tactile Function

Answer 44

The perception and interpretation of information through touch, either via actively touching something or passively receiving touch

Question 45

Strategic Competence

Answer 45

Skills in the use of strategies that maximize the effectiveness of the assistive technology system

Question 46

Technology Abandonment

Answer 46

A situation in which the person stops using a device even though the need for which the device has been obtained still exists

Question 47

Threshold

Answer 47

The smallest signal that can be discerned from background noise by an environmental sensor

Question 48

Validity

Answer 48

Extent to which the results of a test permits appropriate inferences to be made about the client’s abilities, skills, and knowledge

Question 49

Visual Skills

Answer 49

The ability to translate visual signals into meaningful information

Question 50

Visual Perception

Answer 50

The ability to give meaning to visual information