Ch11: Technologies That Enable Mobility

Question 1

Alignment

Answer 1

The degree to which the two structures are arranged in some systematic manner (ex. the degree to which wheels on a wheelchair are parallel to each other)

Question 2

Anti-Tip Devices

Answer 2

Small wheels, attached to a rod and mounted at the back of the chair, that prevent the chair from tipping backwards

Question 3

Armrests

Answer 3

A component of the frame of the wheelchair that supports the user’s arms; may be fixed or removable

Question 4

Bariatric Chair

Answer 4

A wheelchair that can accommodate individuals whose weight exceeds the maximum capacity of a standard wheelchair and whose mobility is limited by obesity and related chronic conditions

Question 5

Bariatrics

Answer 5

A term that describes the practice of medicine concerning individuals who are significantly overweight; derived from the Greek baros, meaning weight, and iatrics, meaning medical treatment

Question 6

Camber

Answer 6

• The degree to which the wheel is mounted off vertical, usually 1 to 4 degrees.
• Camber tips the wheel so the top is closer to the user’s body. When the wheels are set this way, the wheelchair becomes more stable and propulsion is more efficient

Question 7

Center of Gravity

Answer 7

For an object on Earth, hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion

Question 8

Dependent Mobility

Answer 8

Mobility systems that are propelled by an attendant (ex. strollers, geriatric wheelchairs, and transport chairs)

Question 9

Footplate

Answer 9

Extension of the seat rails of a wheelchair on which the user places his feet

Question 10

Front Rigging

Answer 10

Legrests and footplates on a wheelchair that support the user’s feet

Question 11

Independent Manual Mobility

Answer 11

Mobility systems in which the user has the ability to propel the device by body power only

Question 12

Independent Power Mobility

Answer 12

Motorized wheelchairs that are controlled by the user

Question 13

Legrest

Answer 13

A component of the front rigging of the wheelchair that supports the user’s legs; may be fixed or removable

Question 14

Lightweight High-Strength Wheelchair

Answer 14

A wheelchair that shares the same characteristics as a lightweight wheelchair but that is made from a high-strength, more robust material

Question 15

Lightweight Wheelchair

Answer 15

A wheelchair that weighs less than the standard chair and has greater flexibility in choice of seat width and adjustment of back height

Question 16

Low-Shear Systems

Answer 16

Systems in which the back hinges to the seat in a manner that reduces the movement of tissue across the seating surface during tilting or reclining of the seat

Question 17

Manual Wheelchair

Answer 17

Wheelchair that the user propels with his own muscle power

Question 18

Nonproportional Control

Answer 18

• Power wheelchair control that operates the chair at a predetermined speed in a selected direction.
• The speed is not proportional to the displacement of the joystick

Question 19

Power Wheelchair

Answer 19

A wheeled mobility base with a power drive to the wheels, a control interface that the person uses to direct the movement of the wheelchair, an electronic controller, and powered accessories (ex. recline, tilt)

Question 20

Propelling Structure

Answer 20

• The portion of a manual wheelchair consisting of the wheels and an interface that the person uses to move the wheelchair
• The portion of a power wheelchair consisting of a wheeled mobility base with a power drive to the wheels, a control interface that the person uses to direct the movement of the wheelchair, an electronic controller, and powered accessories (e.g., recline, ventilator)

Question 21

Proportional Control

Answer 21

With 360 degree directionality, the wheelchair moves in whichever direction the joystick is displaced; the greater the displacement, the faster the chair moves

Question 22

Push Handles

Answer 22

Handles used by an attendant or caregiver to maneuver a manual wheelchair

Question 23

Recline

Answer 23

Systems that allow a change in the seat-to-back angle of the wheelchair that provides for greater hip flexion and a position of rest

Question 24

Rigid Sport Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair

Answer 24

Category of wheelchair with quick-release rear wheels and back that folds down to facilitate transfer and storage of the chair in a vehicle. The axle of the rear wheel of these chairs can be adjusted to the center of gravity of the user. Often designed for a specific type of sport

Question 25

Scooter

Answer 25

A power wheelchair design featuring three or four wheels, a tiller steering system, and a bucket mounted to a single post coming up from the base; often used by marginal ambulators who need mobility assistance to conserve energy; often provided by grocery stores and shopping malls

Question 26

Shear

Answer 26

Occurs when forces are parallel (sliding across the surfaces), such as the movement that occurs as the head of the femur moves across the acetabulum during hip movement; when shear force is present, deep structures move in the direction of the applied force while superficial structures remain immobile

Question 27

Smart Wheelchair

Answer 27

Either a standard power wheelchair to which a computer and a collection of sensors have been added or a mobile robot base to which a seat has been attached

Question 28

Standard Wheelchair

Answer 28

Folding chair, with very limited adjustment. Generally useful for very short-term use such as rentals at an airport or shopping mall

Question 29

Standing Frame

Answer 29

Categorized as prone standers, supine standers, upright standers, and mobile standers. They support an individual in a standing position

Question 30

Standing Wheelchair

Answer 30

• Alters the position of the seat to support the user in a standing position. Many of these wheelchairs allow the user to move while in a standing position.
• The change to and from the standing position may be manually or electrically controlled

Question 31

Supporting Structure

Answer 31

Consists of the frame of a wheelchair and its attachments

Question 32

Tilt

Answer 32

Wheelchair systems in which all angles of the seating system (seat-to-back, seat-to-calf, calf-to-foot) are maintained for the wheelchair seat as it rotates around the axis formed by the seat-to-back angle

Question 33

Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair

Answer 33

A wheelchair with a folding frame weighs even less than a lightweight wheelchair. It is available with a lower seat-to-floor height for individuals who propel with their feet. The axle of the rear wheel is adjustable relative to the center of gravity of the user