Ch36 The Skeleton And Muscles

Question 1

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1.Support and shape
2.Protection
3. Movement
4. Makes blood components

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

Skull
Spine
Rib cage

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Pelvic girdle
Pectoral girdle
Limbs

Question 4

Skull

Answer 4

20 bones fused together
-made up of cranium and upper and lower jaws (mandible)

Question 5

Vertebrae names

Answer 5

Cervical (neck) - 7
Thoracic (chest) - 12
Lumbar (back) - 5
Sacrum (hip) - 5
Coccyx (tail) -4

Question 6

Spine

Answer 6

Made up of 33 bones called vertebrae
- vertebrae form protective tube for spinal chord
-top 24 can move slightly and are separated by discs of cartilage
-bottom 9 fused together to form sacrum and coccyx
*digram

Question 7

Discs of cartilage

Answer 7

-have a hard outer layer and a soft, jelly-like centre
-act as shock absorber and protect vertebrae
-soft centre of a disc can bulge out and press on spinal nerves to cause pain (slipped disc)

Question 8

The rib cage

Answer 8

Consists of sternum and 12 pairs of rubs
-all ribs attached to spine

Question 9

Ribs

Answer 9

True ribs - top 7 attached to breastbone
False ribs - next 3 attached to rib 7
Floating ribs - bottom 2 are only atttached to spine

Question 10

Pelvic girdle

Answer 10

Composed of two halved of the hip joined to the sacrum

Question 11

Limbs

Answer 11

Phalanges - the individual bones in fingers and toes
-each finger or toe has 3 phalanges, except the thumb and big toe which have 2

Humans and great apes have opposable thumbs which give better grip

Question 12

Pectoral girdle

Answer 12

Consists of collarbone (clavicle) and shoulder blades (scapula)

Question 13

Arm bones

Answer 13

Humerus, radius, ulna
Carpals, meta-carpals, phalanges

Question 14

Leg bones

Answer 14

Femur, kneecap (patella), tibia, fibula, tarsals, meta-tarsals, phalanges