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Biology > Ch26 The Heart And Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Ch26 The Heart And Blood Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we need a circulatory system?

A

Small organisms (amoeba) have no circulatory system
-diffusion work to transport nutrients in organisms that are only a few cells thick

Larger organisms need a circulatory system to supply cells with materials they require

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2
Q

Two types of circulatory systems

A

Open blood system
Closed circulatory system

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3
Q

Open blood system

A

Heart pumps blood into open ended blood vessels
Eg crab, lobsters, insects, snails

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4
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels
Eg. Humans

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5
Q

Advantages of a closed system

A
  1. Blood can be pumped around the body faster
    - allows nutrients and oxygen to reach cells faster, which allows the animal to be more active
  2. Allows blood flow to different organs to be increased or decreased
    - eg. more blood can be supplied to leg muscles when running
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6
Q

Composition human circulatory system

A

Blood
The heart
Blood vessels

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7
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart
Divide into smaller vessels called arterioles

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9
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart
Small veins -> venules

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Link arteries and veins

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11
Q

Artery structure

A
  • Carry blood under high pressure
  • Have a thick muscle layer
  • Have a narrow lumen
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12
Q

Veins structure

A
  • Carry blood under low pressure
  • Have a thinner muscle layer
  • Have a wide lumen
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13
Q

Middle of arteries and veins

A

Lumen

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14
Q

3 layers in the walls of arteries and veins

A
  1. Outer layer of tough, inelastic protein (collagen)
    - prevents wall from over-expansion
  2. Middle layer of muscle and elastic fibres
    - allows vessels to expand during exercise or when we are hot
  3. Inner, single layer of cells -> endothelium
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15
Q

Venous bleeding

A

Steady flow
Maroon coloured blood

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16
Q

Arterial bleeding

A

Spurting
Bright red blood

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17
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels (mainly arteries)

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18
Q

Valve function

A

Prevent backflow in veins

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19
Q

Blood pressure in arteries

A

Highest in arteries when the heart contracts

20
Q

What causes a pulse

A

As the heart contracts, blood pressure is highest in arteries and this pressure causes the artery to expand slightly and is detected as a pulse

21
Q

Blood pressure in veins

A

Blood pressure in veins is low, blood flow is slow

22
Q

How do skeletal muscles help blood flow

A

When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze on the veins pushing blood along

23
Q

Arterioles

A

Connect arteries and capillaries

24
Q

Venules

A

Connect capillaries and veins

25
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels whose walls are made of a single layer of endothelial cells

26
Q

Artery points

A

-Carry blood away from the heart
-Blood under high pressure
-Thick walls
-small lumen
-blood flow in pulses
-valves absent
-blood high in oxygen (except pulmonary artery)

27
Q

Veins

A

-Carry blood to the heart
-Blood under low pressure
-Thin wall
-Large lumen
-Blood flows smoothly (no pulse)
-Valves present
-Blood low in oxygen (except pulmonary vein)

28
Q

Draw diagram of a heart

A
29
Q

Atria

A
  • Have thin walls as they only pump blood a short distance to the ventricles
30
Q

Ventricles

A

-right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
-left ventricle pumps blood to head and body

31
Q

Which ventricle is thicker and why

A

Wall of Left ventricle is thicker as blood travels further from here

32
Q

What are atria and ventricles separated by

A

Atria and ventricles are separated by valves which are held in place by tendons

33
Q

3 valves

A

Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Semilunar

34
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right side valve - 3 flaps
Prevents back flow into right atrium

35
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Left side valve - 2 flaps
Prevents backflow into left atrium

36
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Allow blood into aorta and pulmonary artery
Prevents backflow into heart

37
Q

Deoxygenated blood flow in the heart

A

-enters through vena cava
-enters right atrium
-moves into right ventricle
-leaves through the pulmonary artery ( to lungs )

38
Q

Oxygenated blood flow in the heart

A

-enters through the pulmonary veins
-into left atrium
-moves into left ventricle
-leaves through aorta (to head and body)

39
Q

Double circulation

A

The septum in the heart separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
-pulmonary circuit
-systemic circuit

40
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Pumps blood to the lungs and back to the heart

41
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Pumps blood to the head and body and back to the heart
Longer so, the walls of the left ventricle are thicker

42
Q

Advantages of double circulation

A

-allows separation of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood
-ensures blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of the body

43
Q

Portal system

A

A blood pathway that begins and ends in capillaries
-the hepatic portal vein connects the stomach and intestines to the liver (8cm)

44
Q

How is heart muscle supplied with blood

A

By coronary arteries
- they branch from the aorta just above the semi-lunar valves

45
Q

How is blood drained from heart muscle

A

By the coronary veins
- they return blood directly to the right atrium

46
Q

Blockage of coronary arteries

A

Causes chest pain - angina
Sometimes causes heart attack

Biology (13 decks)

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