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Biology > Ch 7 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Ch 7 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Protoplasm

A

All living parts of a cell
-made up of the nucleus and cytoplasm

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2
Q

What parts of an animal cell can be seen under light microscope

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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3
Q

What is an animal cell surrounded by

A

Cell or plasma membrane
-membrane surround the protoplasm

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4
Q

Vacuoles

A

Contain fluid called cell sap ( salts, sugar, pigments )

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5
Q

What do green plant cells contain

A

Chloroplasts - for photosynthesis

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6
Q

What are plant cells enclosed by

A

A rigid cell wall made of cellulose
-cell membrane is found just inside cell wall

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7
Q

What are phospholipid made of

A

Phosphate and lipid

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8
Q

What is cell /plasma membrane composed of

A

Phospholipids (phospholipid bilayer) and proteins

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9
Q

phospholipid structure

A

Have a water loving phosphate group and a water hating lipid group

-phosphates are on the surface and lipids are in the middle

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10
Q

Proteins in the cell membrane

A

-completely or partially embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
-some are attached to the bilayer
-some are detachable and move throughout the bilayer

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11
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Allows some allows some things to passes through but blocks/ prevents other

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12
Q

Functions of membranes

A

-membranes retain cell contents
-controls what enters and leaves the cell - selectively permeable
-give some support to the cell
-recognise molecules that touch them

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13
Q

Organelles

A

Structure found inside cells
-cell membrane
-nucleus
-mitochondria
-chloroplast
-ribosomes
-cell wall
-vacuole

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell- controls the activity of the cell and contains DNA

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15
Q

What is a nucleus surrounded by

A

A double membrane with numerous nuclear pores

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16
Q

What do nucleus contain

A

Strands of DNA - arranged into chromosomes

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17
Q

Do every organisms have a definite number of chromosomes

A

Yes eg humans have 46, ferns have more than 1000

18
Q

What are located on chromosomes

A

Genes

19
Q

Chromosomes (when a cell is not dividing)

A

Chromosomes are long and interwoven - chromatin (in this form)

20
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Allow mRNA in and out of the nucleus

21
Q

Nucleolus

A

Makes ribosomes and is part of the nucleus that stains darkly

22
Q

What makes up a nucleus

A
  1. Double membrane
  2. Nuclear pores - control movement of substances into and out of the nucleus
  3. DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
  4. Chromatin - tangle of DNA in the nucleus
  5. Chromosomes- individual strands of DNA
  6. Nucleolus - contains RNA, DNA, Poteins, and makes ribosomes
23
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • jelly like liquid in the cell
  • small bodies called organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm
24
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supply energy to the cell - respiration

-cells with many mitochondria produce lots of energy eg muscle, liver cells
-cells with less/ few mitochondria produce less energy eg fat cells

25
Q

What surrounds a mitochondria

A

Double membrane

26
Q

How is energy released in a mitochondrion

A

Energy is released on the inner membrane and then more infoldings, the more energy can be produced.

27
Q

What does each mitochondrion have

A

A loop of DNA

28
Q

What happens if a cell rests for too long

A

Active mitochondria Converts to inactive form (less foldings)
-excercise causes number of infoldings to increase again

29
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Green stuff tires in plants in which photosynthesis occurs

30
Q

What are chloroplasts surrounded by

A

Double membrane

31
Q

Chloroplasts contain

A

Membrane stacks which green pigment chlorophyll
Loop of DNA

32
Q

Cell wall function

A

To support and strengthen the cell
Fully permeable - all molecules can pass through cell walls

33
Q

What are cell walls made of

A

Cellulose

34
Q

Vacuoles

A

Fluid filled space bounded by membrane
-fluid = cell sap = water, food, minerals, pigments

35
Q

Function of vacuole

A

-Provide structural support
-storage
-waste disposal
-protection + growth

36
Q

Vacuoles in plant vs animal cells

A

P- large permanent
C- small, temporary (if any)

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Function: to make proteins
-tiny, bead-like structures
-made of RNA, protein
-they combine amino acids to form proteins

38
Q

Animal cells vs plant cells

A

Animal cells:
- do not have a cell wall
-do not have chloroplast (chlorophyll)
-do not have a large vacuole

Plant cells:
-have a cell wall
- may have chloroplasts/ chlorophyll
- have a large vacuole

39
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Do not have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

40
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have a nucleus and organelles which are enclosed by membranes

41
Q

Describe prokaryotic cells

A
  • single called
  • have a circular loop of DNA (not surrounded by membrane)
  • have small cells
  • don’t have membrane enclosed organelles
  • include bacteria
42
Q

Describe eukaryotic cells

A
  • have a nucleus
  • may have membrane-enclosed organelles
  • have large cells
  • includes animals, plants, fungi
  • more advanced than prokaryotic cells

Biology (8 decks)

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